SOX Section 404 Consulting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

SOX Section 404 Consulting - Essay Example Section 404 is the key aspect of SOX; it  highly  demands the external auditors and management of a company to  emphasis  on reporting of financial statements. This  process  turns out to be the most  costly  processes among all requirements laid down by the  legislation  for companies. This is because testing and documenting of paramount automated and  manual  final  financial statements is highly sensitive. Under this section, the Act requires  management  to  avail  an â€Å"internal control  report† together with annual Exchange Act report. The report encompasses the  role  of  management  in putting down the  procedure  and procedures of the internal control system. This is because their  efficiency  dictates the  adequacy  of the financial statements (Ramos, 2008, p 23). This section contains an  assessment  of the company after the financial year, including the  establishment  and maintenance of the control system. The  section  also includes the  level  of  effectiveness  of the control system is reporting the audit scope. The management has to adopt the internal control systems described in international auditing standards. In reference to Apollo Shoes Company, the cost elevation, guidance, and  practice  is taking place. There is a  compilation  of approvals made by the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board. All this activities ensure there is a fair representation of the shareholders by the management. Significant regulations and guidelines regarding audits of internal control It is  evident  that the internal controls of Apollo Shoes are above average. As a result, there are few recommendations needed to meet the set standards. The company should ensure that all employees  respect  the internal controls in order to meet the set standards. It is  noticeable  that many employees hardly  follow  the set  procedure  to  secure  the asse ts of the company. We also  propose  that the relationship between the internal auditors and  management  is not  healthy; therefore, the audit committee should have a sitting to  resolve  this arising issue. Through this,  company  is going to  enhance  auditors’ independence (Ramos, 2008, p. 23). Risks identified within the company In Apollo Shoes Company, there are few areas open to  risk. This is a result of negligence on the employees. After a detailed evaluation of the company, it is  evident  that Apollo Shoes is a company that has identified itself in terms of quality control systems. This is a  complement  that goes to the internal auditors. However, there are gaps which may lead to material misrepresentation in the financial statements. One of the key areas is the procedure followed in completing a transaction. For a company to  prevent  Ã¢â‚¬Å"ghost transactions,† there should be many signatories between initiation and comp letion of a transaction. An  ideal  example  is when a potential buyer places an order; the party receiving the  notice  should be different from that processing the  order. The party processing the  order  should be different from the party arranging the  dispatch, and  lastly  the  party  delivering  goods  should be different from the other parties. In reference to the audit report,  confidential  accounts have a weak security  system. The system is using out of date technology, and this may lead to unhealthy competition. The company should adopt new technology to enhance secrecy, and  protection  of ideas. Examples of these technologies include biometric security systems, and the  recent  business  solution such as the SAP models. These solutions make use of integrated IT  knowledge  that is free from hacking and other mal-handling. Other areas that  need  concentration are  stock  counting, depreciation and  appreciati on  calculation, and  basis  behind activities such as bonuses, retirement pension, writing off bad-debts, and disposal of assets, among others. Internal controls and the  audit  process Internal controls determine the

Development of Management Programme for Nurses

Development of Management Programme for Nurses An advancement from a clinical role to a leadership role is one of the most challenging transformations for professional nurses in their career development. Nurses must be prepared as leaders who are competent, flexible, and able to energize others to adapt to change (Grohar-Murray Langan, 2011). Effective nurse leaders must communicate with their staff, manage stress, make decisions and handle power wisely. Additionally, managers must acquire and cultivate skills such as financial and change management, cultural literacy and personnel development and evaluation. The new nurse managers should acquire the qualities of management and leadership and need good mentors and orientation program in the transition. The purpose of this paper is to present a proposal for the development of a new manager orientation program. Effective nurse managers are crucial in achieving the hospital’s patient care mission and its financial viability (Cathcart, 2010). New nurse managers should be aware of problems that affect todays health care. Since the nursing job is getting more and more stressful and the health care is getting more expensive day by day, the nurse manager orientation program should include the ways to do good budgeting and safe staffing and retention of staff which helps in delivering safe and effective patient care. Nurse manager has great responsibility in maintaining a safe and quality patient care in the unit. Formal orientation programs are essential in retaining and motivating employees, lowering turnover, increasing productivity, improving employee morale, facilitating learning, and reducing the anxiety of new employees (Ragsdale, 2005). New nurse managers should be given enough time to know about the facility and the staff of the hired unit. New nurse managers should be aware of the expectations of them in the department and organizational level. Topic Rationale for Inclusion Objectives Possible Resources Necessary time and good orientation program A nurse manager should be given time to know the staff and the unit she/he is going to work with. Necessary time for orientation help the nurse manager to know the problems on the unit and the expectation of the staff about the new nurse manager. A well-designed orientation program can reduce turnover, shorten the period of adjustment, and lay the groundwork for a long successful career (Ragsdale, 2005). After getting enough time for orientation, a nurse manager will be able to plan herself for the job. The new nurse manager should use her mentor, all the staff and auxiliary staff in the unit as resources. Effective communication Effective communication is necessary to clear the ideas and gain confidence with the staff members. Communication has been identified as an essential component of team functioning within the nursing and inter-professional teams (Kilpatrick, 2013). After the nurse manager practice to do clear communication, they will be able to share the ideas and commands appropriately. A nurse manager should observe the mentor and can read books and discussions and should adapt his/her own way for effective and clear communication. Conflict resolution Conflict resolution skills are very important for the nurse manager to run the unit smoothly and improve the quality and increased productivity in a team which helps to bring better patient outcomes. The nurse executive must train or select nurse managers with effective conflict resolution skills (Baker, 1995). The focus of the nurse manager must shift from managing the behaviors used by staff to resolve the conflict (Baker, 1995). After learning the conflict resolution skills, the nurse manager will be able to recognize the issues and behaviors that causing the conflicts and analyze and solve the problems with the unit. A nurse manager should look into the mentor and others and also brainstorm possible resolutions to gather ideas to solve the conflict. Decision making Decision making is a difficult process sometimes for the nurse managers because they have to make fast decisions in times of evacuations, disasters and all affects the patient and their families and the staff. The degree of stress depends on their management and organizational factors, their work experience etc.. Throughout each 24-hour day, nurse managers make countless rapid fire decisions that impact patient, staff and organizational outcomes (Shirey, 2013). After getting enough time of orientation, nurse manager will able to know about the organization, unit and the staff which helps in better decision making. Nurse manager should learn from the mentor and also he/she should ask the staff with one on one or group meetings and get the opinions and ideas of different staff before the decision making. Motivation of staff Nurse managers can motivate the staff by creating a healthy work environment, participating the staff in the decision making process and complimenting the staff for their achievements. A transformational leadership approach can help nurse managers to increase or maintain a motivating work environment (Curtis, 2011). Motivating the staff is very much necessary for staff retention for this stressful and hectic job. Most nurse managers use a transformational leadership style which can increase motivation, enabling participation in decision- making, creating a healthy work environment, increasing worker empowerment, and offering a better quality of work-life balance (Curtis, 2011). After learning the necessary skills for motivating, the staff the nurse manager is able to create a healthy working environment which helps to increase the staff satisfaction and improve better patient outcomes. The nurse manager can learn from the mentor and from other excellent approachable senior leaders. Good budgeting Nurse manager has responsibility in maintaining the budget allowed for the unit. Nurse manager has to notify the staff of the budget allowed for the year and expenses of the unit and to decrease the unnecessary wastage of supplies. Nurse manager has to maintain the schedule in a way to decrease the unnecessary overtime on the unit and maintain the vacation time without affecting the staff and the patient care. Nurse leaders must make it their responsibility to provide nurses with increased exposure to quality, safety, and financial data, thereby allowing nurses to translate data while achieving and sustaining successful outcomes (Talley, 2013). After learning the budget allowed for the unit, the nurse manager is able to notify the staff about the patient safety priorities, quality outcomes, and financial accountability of each staff. The nurse manager should ask the mentor and other approachable nurse leaders of the organization and she can read materials on the financial management in the nursing field as resources. Safe staffing and staff retention Nursing job is a demanding at the same time a stressful job. Nurse manager should provide safe staffing and has to motivate and encourage the staff for better patient outcomes. Increase turnover of nurses will result in the economic burden, negative patient outcomes and decreased continuity of care. Increase turnover results in increased stress on the existing staff to cover the vacant shifts and also to orient new staff to the unit. So the nurse manager has to ask frequently to the staff for the feedbacks about the management and also for any problems with the unit. Improved retention will lead to savings of the organization, which may be allocated to activities such as training and mentorship to assist nurse leaders in developing these critical leadership skills (Duffield, 2011). Nurse manager has to appreciate the staff for their help on the unit and better patient outcomes and their achievements for certifications or attaining a degree. After learning how to do safe staffing and staff retention nurse manager is better able to increase patient outcomes and to save money on a tight budget. Nurse manager should ask the mentor and also should use her existing skills and experience to do safe staffing. Nurse manager should always ask feedbacks from the unit and can use all the employees in the unit as resources to solve the problem with the unit. Good nurse managers always try to make a positive and healthy working environment. The positive working environment will increase the job satisfaction. The skillful nurse manager always listens to the problems and feedbacks of the staff in the unit. This helps the nurse manager to find out the problems in the unit and manage the unit well with co-operation from all the staff in the unit. By managing the unit well, the nurse manager is able to do safe staffing, improve the retention and better budgeting, which all leads to better staff and patient satisfaction and better patient outcomes. References Baker, K. (1995). Improving staff nurse conflict resolution skills. Nursing Economic$, 13(5), 295. Cathcart, E., Greenspan, M., Quin, M. (2010). The making of a nurse manager: the role of experiential learning in leadership development. Journal Of Nursing Management, 18(4), 440-447. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2834.2010.01082.x Curtis, E., OÂÂ ¿Connell, R. (2011). Essential leadership skills for motivating and developing staff. Nursing Management UK, 18(5), 32-35. Duffield, C., Roche, M., Blay, N., Stasa, H. (2011). Nursing unit managers, staff retention and the work environment. Journal Of Clinical Nursing, 20(1/2), 23-33. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2702.2010.03478.x Grohar-Murray, M. E., Langan, J. (2011). Leadership and management in nursing (4th ed). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Health Science. Kilpatrick, K. (2013). Understanding acute care nurse practitioner communication and decision-making in healthcare teams. Journal Of Clinical Nursing, 22(1/2), 168-179. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2702.2012.04119.x Ragsdale, M., Mueller, J. (2005). Plan, do, study, act model to improve an orientation program. Journal Of Nursing Care Quality, 20(3), 268-272. Shirey, M. R., Ebright, P. R., McDANIEL, A. M. (2013). Nurse manager cognitive decision-making amidst stress and work complexity. Journal Of Nursing Management, 21(1), 17-30. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2834.2012.01380.x Talley, L. B., Thorgrimson, D. H., Robinson, N. C. (2013). Financial Literacy as an Essential Element in Nursing Management Practice. Nursing Economic$, 31(2), 77-82.

The Reality of Rape Essays -- essays research papers

Running head: THE REALITY OF RAPE   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Rape is a crime of violence and aggression that not only hurts a victim for the moment, but it shatters her entire life. According to the Britannica Encyclopedia, rape is defined as â€Å"any kind of unlawful sexual activity, usually sexual intercourse, carried out forcibly or under threat of injury and against the will of the victim.† This definition has been redefined to cover same-sex attacks and attacks against those who are incapable of valid consent, including persons who are mentally ill, intoxicated, drugged, etc. (rape). Because rape crimes affect all races, cultures, ages, and economical classes, it is difficult to create concrete research on the topic because of the variances. Society in the United States by no means condones rape, but it does expect it. The theories of rape are all different but the crime is always the same, a violation of one’s self through a sexual act. There are many different types of rape including date rape, statutory rape, gang rape, and acquaintance rape. Though there are more than a handful of different names to view rape, all of the names have one thing in common: a victim. The frightening reality is that all of the rape studies that have been done show that the perpetrator is usually someone that the victim knows and/or trusts; during the dating years, seventy to ninety percent of rapes are acquaintance or date rapes (Mackey). Even more terrifying is that only one-third of rapes are reported to law enforcement officials (Buddie & Miller). Victims are most likely afraid that by going through with the process of pressing charges on his/her perpetrator that they, in turn, will be blamed using one or more of the ridiculous rape myths, by society. The reality of rape is a startling combination of ignorance relating to rape myths, lack of reportings and convictions, severe post-traumatic feelings of the attack, and theories of ra pe, both psychological and sociological.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Rape is such a difficult crime to prove because it usually comes down to the victim’s word against the perpetrator’s word. In the United States, anyone who is charged with a crime is innocent until they are proven guilty beyond a reasonable doubt. In order to prove that the crime did indeed happen, a victim is usually humiliated and she is forced to re-live the h... ...d be convicted and sent to prison. REFERENCES Buddie, Amy, & Miller, Arthur (2001). Beyond rape myths: a more complex view of perceptions of rape victims – 1. Sex Roles: A Journal of Research. Retrieved from the World Wide Web November 18, 2004: http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_M2294/is_2001_August/ai_82782443 Mackey, Frank Misogynist. Cultural rape myths. Survivors Emerging. Retrieved November 18, 2004 from the World Wide Web: http://people.morehead-st.edu/students/ar/aeruck01/culturalrapemyths.html rape Britannica Concise Encyclopedia. Retrieved November 19, 2004 from Encyclopedia Britannica Premium Service: http://www.britannica.com/ebc/article?tocld=9376486 Rennison, Callie Marie. (2002). Rape and sexual assault: reporting to police and medical attention, 1992-2000 (United States Department of Justice, Bureau of Justice Statistics No. NCJ-194530). Washington DC: U.S. Government Printing Office. Retzinger, Suzanne, & Scheff, Thomas. (1997). Shame, anger, and the social bond: A theory of sexual offenders and treatment. Electonic Journal of Sociology. Thio, Alex. (2004). Deviant Behavior (7th ed.). Boston: Pearson Education, Inc.

Plastic Water Bottles, Are they safe? Essay

People these days use plastic bottles filled with water since it is durable and light to carry. Many colorful plastic water bottles out in the market today which are trendy, and perfect for active lifestyle. Those colorful bottles are made with polycarbonate plastics. However, majority of the plastic water bottle users did not know that it may cause serious health hazards because of the materials used in making the plastic water bottles. The harmful material which makes up the plastic bottle is the lexan polycarbonate resin. Research found out that this type of plastic polymer is accidentally developed by General Electric in 1953. Variety of products over four decades like compact discs and DVDs, bullet-proof windows, computers, mobile phones, baby bottles and water bottles were made up of lexan polycarbonate resin. People think that if it doesn’t change the flavor of the liquid inside the plastic bottle it is safe. A discovery by Dr. Patricia Hunt in 1998, those plastics which are made from polycarbonate resin can leach bisphenol-A (BPA), BPA is known endocrine disruptor, which is a xenoestrogen that disturb the hormonal messaging in our bodies. Heat exposure, like leaving your plastic water bottle in your car, back pack, sitting the plastic water bottle on your desk is not also safe. The attractive colorful plastic bottles made with polycarbonate plastics may leach BPA. This chemical can be leached into the water bottles contents through wear and tear, exposure to heat and cleaning agents. This is also found in epoxy resin and other polycarbonate plastics that may damage the reproductive organs and have negative effects on tumors, prostate development by reducing sperm count and breast tissue development. BPA is also linked to insulin resistance and Type 2 Diabetes and destructive to babies and young children. Plastic water bottles are only good for singe use. After using them it is better to dispose or have it recycled. The toxins in the plastic bottles bring harmful effects to every user, and those harmful effects are slowly killing the organs in our body. These days those types of plastic bottle which contains BPA are now banned due to its bad effects to our health. There are ways for us to keep away from harm and to avoid exposure to BPA. Instead of using plastic water bottles, switch to stainless steel water bottle, but still you have to be careful because many products on the market are lined with epoxy finish. Another means, is to use glass bottles even they are a bit heavier, but are good and safe to use. Works Cited Medical News Today. http://www. medicalnewstoday. com/articles Polycarbonate Plastics and Bisphenol. http://www. bisphenol-a. org/human/polyplastics. html Water and Hydration Bottle Health. http://gearjunkie. com

Belief in God a basic belief

  From the most ancient known history of mankind, as well as from the oldest relics of antiquity that we have been able to obtain, it appears that in every age man had recognized some form of deity. Even in the present age, every nation on the face of the earth, from the most primitive to the most civilized, does believe in and worship some deity. Many philosophers argue that the idea of having a deity and of worshipping him is ingrained in human nature. Such philosophers contend that there is something within a man’s soul which forces him to do so.For many a philosopher, the belief in God has its origins in the very nature of man. Man is not self-sufficient and his powers are limited. He is weak, frail and helpless in front of the powers of nature. It is this sense of vulnerability and powerlessness which has compelled philosophers to seek the assistance of a superior being. By worshipping and seeking the pleasure of such a supreme being, human beings can conquer their fear s and suppress their apprehensions.â€Å"The craving for religious faith being largely an outcome of fear† (Russell, 1975, p. 43). It is in the realm of morality and ethics that philosophers have found religion and belief in God the most indispensable. Such philosophers are of the view that the moral and ethical structure in existence would fall down if this belief is eliminated. Thus, in this regard, Bertrand Russell contends that â€Å"if people solve their social problems Religion will die out† (Russell, 1975, p. 136).Being a classical proponent of natural theology, Thomas Aquinas believed that the existence of God is neither self-evident nor beyond proof. Therefore, while placing his belief in God, he proposed a different approach to understand the divine nature. This approach, commonly known as the ‘via negative’ is to consider what God is not. This helped him to elaborate the divine qualities. References Nichols, A. (2002). Discovering Aquinas. Michi gan: Eerdmans Publishing Company. Russell, B. (1975). Bertrand Russell’s Best. Chicago: Mentor Publishing Company.

Free Essays on Boyles Law

Boyle’s law states: ‘If the temperature remains constant, the volume of a given mass of gas is inversely proportional to the absolute pessure. Through the conduction of this prac, this was found to be true. The pressure inside the syringe had to increase as the volume decreased because the molecules inside had less space to collide with one another and the wall. Therefore as the molecules had less volume to move around in, they would be colliding more often with eachother and the wall, increasing the pressure inside the syringe. It is therefore correct to say that : Some assumptions were made when conducting this prac. They include; (1)that temperature remained constant throughout the course of the prac and so the atmospheric pressure remained constant, (2)that all the equipment used were free of faults and completely efficient. The assumptions made in the prac played a major role because if the assumptions were not true at the time, this would mean that the results collected are not entirely accurate. Especially when considering that there was human error also involved, this would have played a part in the data collected. There were a few problems that were found when conducting the prac. The first problem encountered was that due to the syringe used not having mL calibrations, the measurements had to be found using a ruler which at times had to be held out atleast 5 to 10 cm out infront of the syringe. This was because of the platform block and books depressed too much to be able to fit the ruler up against the syringe. Therefore, the person holding the ruler also had to read the depression when the ruler was held out a fair distance away. The error that could have resulted from this would be that the reader because the ruler was held up in the air, the reader’s arm could have moved slightly down or up while the measurements were read. Also because different people made the measurment... Free Essays on Boyle's Law Free Essays on Boyle's Law Boyle’s law states: ‘If the temperature remains constant, the volume of a given mass of gas is inversely proportional to the absolute pessure. Through the conduction of this prac, this was found to be true. The pressure inside the syringe had to increase as the volume decreased because the molecules inside had less space to collide with one another and the wall. Therefore as the molecules had less volume to move around in, they would be colliding more often with eachother and the wall, increasing the pressure inside the syringe. It is therefore correct to say that : Some assumptions were made when conducting this prac. They include; (1)that temperature remained constant throughout the course of the prac and so the atmospheric pressure remained constant, (2)that all the equipment used were free of faults and completely efficient. The assumptions made in the prac played a major role because if the assumptions were not true at the time, this would mean that the results collected are not entirely accurate. Especially when considering that there was human error also involved, this would have played a part in the data collected. There were a few problems that were found when conducting the prac. The first problem encountered was that due to the syringe used not having mL calibrations, the measurements had to be found using a ruler which at times had to be held out atleast 5 to 10 cm out infront of the syringe. This was because of the platform block and books depressed too much to be able to fit the ruler up against the syringe. Therefore, the person holding the ruler also had to read the depression when the ruler was held out a fair distance away. The error that could have resulted from this would be that the reader because the ruler was held up in the air, the reader’s arm could have moved slightly down or up while the measurements were read. Also because different people made the measurment...

Women on the front lines essays

Women on the front lines essays Can women meet the physical requirements as men? In most cases no, they can not. As you have seen day in and day out the standards for hiring women are being lowered. Women are considered a minority in todays world along with every ethnic group there is now present in our society. But lowering the standards for women also bring in individuals who are not capable to do the job or even have the right classifications to ensure the safety of the coworkers as well as the public. There should not be a standard for one classification such as men and different one for others. If the job can be done to the standards it was originally set for, there should be no deflections from those standards. We have seen in WWI, WWII, Vietnam, Korean, Gulf wars which no or a minimal amount of women serve on the front lines. Most women were not brought up to be in combat, things may be changing to accommodate some women but we are close to providing this type of employment for women and mothers who have children at home as well as major responsibilities to who they are accountable for. There shouldnt be any questions when our men or woman are providing the service which is the outmost one can give!!!! Most women feel that since only men are serving in the military it is a discrimination against women. As you know already the lawsuits which have been present in courts now and in past years have made women a more powerful influence in our society. Therefore providing them with a tool which gives the women of today an equal ability to do as men do in there everyday life; this in turn gives them the right to serve in the military. As for military service physical standards, which give women more of a chance to serve the military, they shouldnt lower their requirements for women so they can pass just for them to feel ...

Average SAT Scores by State (Most Recent)

Average SAT Scores by State (Most Recent) SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips More than a million students across the country take the SAT each year. So what do SAT scores by state look like? How do you stack up against other test takers in your state? Finally, what are some interesting state facts- for example, which state has the highest SAT score? The lowest SAT score? The highest rate of participation? It's the battle of the states, SAT edition. Find out your state's average SAT scores and other fun facts in this article! What Is the National Average SAT Score? Before we get into the SAT averages by state, let's quickly go over the SAT scoring system as well as what the overall average SAT score in the US currently is. As you probably know, the SAT is made up of three sections: Reading, Writing and Language (also just called Writing), and Math. The Math section is scored on a scale of 200-800, while the Reading and Writing sections are combined to give you a final Evidence-Based Reading and Writing (EBRW) score on a scale of 200-800. By combining these two sections, we get atotal SAT score rangeof400-1600, with 1600 being a perfect score. Now that we've got this down, let's take a look the national average SAT score. In 2018, the College Board reported the following average SAT scores: Total: 1068 Evidence-Based Reading and Writing (EBRW): 536 Math: 531 As you can see, the average scores for EBRW and Math are quite close. These then add up to get a total SAT average score that's around the halfway point of the total score range (400-1600). But what are the average SAT scores by state? Keep reading to learn some interesting trends and to see the notable top spots held by different states! State SAT Awards We'll start with the states that have won our "State SAT Awards." The categories for these are as follows: Highest SAT Score Highest SAT Score With Over 20% Participation Team Players (100% Participation) Lowest SAT Score Most Variation Between SAT Sections All data below comes from the College Board's 2018 SAT state reports. Highest Score: Minnesota (SAT Score: 1298) Minnesota takes the cake for highest average SAT score with 1298. This is 230 points higher than the national average! But wait- Minnesota also has lower test participation than 78% of the US at 4%. In other words, just 2,464 seniors took the test in 2018. Because more students in Minnesota take the ACT than they do the SAT, Minnesota's high average SAT score likely means that only the most prepared, ambitious high schoolers take the SAT. These students tend to score higher, effectively raising the state's average. But what if we look instead at states with a significant participation rate- that is, a state in which more than 20% of students take the SAT? The winner for that SAT award is ... Highest Score With Over 20% Participation: Arizona (SAT Score: 49, with 29% Participation) Great achievement here! With more than 20,000 students in the class of 2018 taking the SAT here, Arizona is truly outperforming the national average. Team Players (100% Participation): Colorado, Connecticut, Delaware, Idaho, and Michigan In Colorado, Connecticut, Delaware, Idaho, and Michigan, every student took the SAT. This usually means that thesestates require all high school students to take the SATas part of normal high school testing. In addition, four other states- Illinois, Maine, New Hampshire, and Rhode Island- as well as the District of Columbiaoffered the SAT statewide during the 2017-18 school year. But because the testwasn't mandatory for all students in these states for the entire school year, participation rates here are below 100%. The highest participation rate for non-mandatory testing goes to Florida, at 97%. Lowest Score: District of Columbia (SAT Score: 977) Unfortunately, the District of Columbia underperforms the national average by more than 90 points. Also ranking at the bottom are other states with statewide SAT testing (Delaware and Idaho) as well as West Virginia, Puerto Rico, and the US Virgin Islands. From the data, it's reasonable to conclude that statewide testing causes lower scores because it includes all seniors andnot just those planning to apply to college. The lowest SAT score for a non-mandatory state is 1014 in Florida. While Florida is only in the top 18% of the country as far as participation goes (97% participation rate), it's important to point out that this is still a huge number of students, as the population of Florida is so large. In 2018, 147,058 students took the SAT in Florida. This number is much higher than the number of test takers in other states with comparable SAT participation rates, such as Rhode Island (97% participation rate, 10,161 students) and New Hampshire (96% participation rate, 14,834 students). So even though only 97% of students took the SAT in Florida, there's still plenty of room for variation within these nearly 150,000 students' scores. Most Variation Between Sections: Florida (520 Evidence-Based Reading and Writing, 497 Math) With a participation rate of 97%, Florida also has the greatest difference between SAT section scores of all states. On average, Florida students score 29 points higher on Evidence-Based Reading and Writing (EBRW) than they do on Math. Want to learn more about the SAT but tired of reading blog articles? Then you'll love our free, SAT prep livestreams. Designed and led by PrepScholar SAT experts, these live video events are a great resource for students and parents looking to learn more about the SAT and SAT prep. Click on the button below to register for one of our livestreams today! List of All Average State SAT Scores Here are the most recent average SAT scores for all 50 statesas well as the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, and the US Virgin Islands. Find your area below and see how your SAT score compares with your region's average! State Participation Rate EBRW Math Total Alabama 6% 595 571 66 Alaska 43% 562 544 06 Arizona 29% 577 572 49 Arkansas 5% 592 576 69 California 60% 540 536 1076 Colorado 100% 519 506 1025 Connecticut 100% 535 519 1053 Delaware 100% 505 492 998 District of Columbia 92% 497 480 977 Florida 97% 522 493 1014 Georgia 70% 542 522 1064 Hawaii 56% 550 549 1099 Idaho 100% 508 493 1001 Illinois 99% 513 506 1019 Indiana 67% 546 539 1086 Iowa 3% 634 632 1265 Kansas 4% 633 631 1265 Kentucky 4% 630 618 1248 Louisiana 4% 615 595 1210 Maine 99% 512 501 1013 Maryland 76% 545 535 1080 Massachusetts 80% 562 563 25 Michigan 100% 5 499 10 Minnesota 4% 643 655 1298 Mississippi 3% 630 606 1236 Missouri 4% 633 629 1262 Montana 10% 606 592 1229 Nebraska 3% 629 623 1252 Nevada 23% 574 566 40 New Hampshire 96% 535 528 1063 New Jersey 82% 547 547 1094 New Mexico 16% 552 540 1093 New York 79% 534 534 1068 North Carolina 52% 554 543 1098 North Dakota 2% 640 643 1283 Ohio 18% 552 547 1099 Oklahoma 8% 541 521 1062 Oregon 48% 564 553 17 Pennsylvania 70% 547 539 1086 Puerto Rico - 512 481 993 Rhode Island 97% 513 505 1018 South Carolina 55% 547 523 1070 South Dakota 3% 622 618 1241 Tennessee 6% 624 607 1231 Texas 66% 520 512 1032 Utah 4% 618 612 1230 Vermont 64% 565 554 20 Virgin Islands - 490 445 935 Virginia 68% 567 550 17 Washington 69% 543 538 1082 West Virginia 28% 513 486 999 Wisconsin 3% 641 653 1294 Wyoming 3% 633 635 1257 Source: The College Board What's Next? Confused about SAT scoring? Learn more about how the SAT is scored,and get tips onhow to figure out your SAT goal score based on the schools you're applying to. Wondering what it takes to get a perfect SAT score? I scored a perfect SAT scoreand wrote a detailed guide about what it takes here.Read this to learn all of my best strategies- and to get a 1600 on test day! If you liked this post, make sure youscroll up and subscribe on the right hand sideso you can stay up-to-date with our SAT/ACT articles! Disappointed with your scores? Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points?We've written a guide about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

Case Study based assessment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Case Study based assessment - Essay Example The combined impact of recession and intensified competition as a result of European de-regulation led to important shifts in business strategy with contrasting implications for its staff, an approach that has, with some modifications, continued until the present day. BA has realized that the competition in the airline industry is growing as the globalization and privatization policies have opened the limits of sky widely and international air carriers started to intrude into the territories of BA. As a result of that, BA decided to adopt the merger policies to strengthen their business prospects. In November 2009, BA reached an agreement with Iberia and both the companies decided to merge together to form a single company. The merger between BA and Iberia resulted in the creation of world’s third-largest airline in terms of annual revenue. The merger was confirmed in April 2010 and it is expected that it will take effect from the end of this year. â€Å"Iberia Airlines appoi nts its chairman, Antonio Vazquez Romero as the new chairman of International Airlines Group (IAG), the new company formed under the merger agreement between Iberia and British Airways (Goldstone, 2010) ‘Employee relations’ in BA is a much debated topic in UK now. Many people believe that BA could have improved their relations with the employees and sustain its identity as a national icon, even amidst stiff competition. Many contextual factors affected the employee relations in BA. Moreover, the employee relations in BA have made lot of impacts in the UK employment sector also. This paper critically analyses the above aspect with the help of the case study provided about British Airways. If employee relations is understood as an arena in which the contest between the pursuit of a market society and the defence of the principles of moral economy is played out, then it is impossible to separate market from nonmarket relations, economy

Measuring performance of Hospitals at Qatar Research Paper

Measuring performance of Hospitals at Qatar - Research Paper Example Two modes of analysis have been performed namely quantitative and qualitative. A total of 40 respondents have been selected to review the performance of hospitals. The overall performance of hospitals located at Qatar is fair according to the views of patients having different country origin. The service quality of these hospitals have been measured on 8 dimensions, therefore, there are many areas for improvement for these hospitals. The important recommendation includes that hospitals should hire expert medical staff that could better treat their patients and care for them. Medical staff is a critical factor in the success of hospitals as they provide the core services to its customers. Introduction Background of the Project The aim of the project is to review the performance of hospitals located at Qatar, and to measure its performance on the basis of 8 dimensions. ... arch Question Following are the research question which will be answered through the research conducted: Are patients satisfied with overall performance and services provided by hospitals? What is the impact of reputation of hospitals and medical staffs have on patients and their experience? Does the communication matter between patients and medical and non-medical staff and how is the statement true? Are patients getting value for their money? Research Design Methods for Analysis Qualitative The study will use thematic analysis to analyze responses of descriptive questions. The keywords that are considered for evaluation include price, customer service, staff, and location. The frequency of appearance of these keywords are presented in a tabular format indicating the ranking of keywords related to additional suggestions that respondents have made for further improving patient service. Quantitative The study examines each of 8 dimensions of patient service at hospitals in Qatar on th e basis of responses collected from individuals belonging to different origins which includes Qatari, Bahraini, Omani, Pakistani, and Indians etc. The study makes the use of cross tabulation to provide the number of responses and their types for each statement under different dimensions of assessments of patient service. In this way, grouping of responses has been possible on the basis of differences in respondents’ background and origin of their country. The results from this analysis have been attached in this report as ‘Appendix B’. Appendix A is the survey questionnaire. Logic for Data Collection Medium Questionnaires have been used as the data collection medium which is relatively quicker to gather information from respondents than the other modes of data collection. The data can

Israel, Iraq and the USA in Middle East Politics Analysis Essay

Israel, Iraq and the USA in Middle East Politics Analysis - Essay Example Religious issues have also been a constant cause of conflict in these regions†.1 These problems of the region do not originate solely from the Middle East countries alone, as external interventions have contributed largely in the past and prevailing affairs in the region. These intervening outsiders do interject because of vested interest in the oil sources. Interventions of countries like the United States of America and Russia among others have led to the unending squabble and unrest in the region. In most cases, the intruders could easily set the Arabs up in arms as regions like in Israel had internal religious disparities between Christians and Arabs/Muslim. Focusing on middle East and the US relation, this paper will not only seek to unravel the relationship between these three countries, but will also deliberate on their contribution to the politics of the middle east. The Middle East has for a long time now suffered from Socio-economic and political problems. The problems in this region blossoms from the citizens of the region, as well as other countries. The interventions have both exacerbated uprisings, and led to loss of millions of lives in wars and unrest. Other than the resources that entice external countries, terrorist groups that thrive in the Middle East have attracted global attention as countries join hands in fighting terrorism. The mere mention of the word terrorist instills fear to any country or individual, as many countries have experienced terrorist attacks in the past. The relationship between Iraq, Israel and USA emanate from either of those connecting factors. Iraq Iraq has been for a long time pivotal in shaping of the Middle East politics. Other than the recently known invasion by the United States of America, Iraq has experienced decades of political and social economic issues. Baker, Shareen and Ismael3 demonstrates clearly and precisely the events of the American invasion in detail. They analytically reveal the causes of the invasion, the economic, social and political factors that are wrapped around the history of Iraq. The most empirical purpose or invasion of Iraq by the US militia emanated from the belief that Iraq was a terrorist country, a factor that led to the invasion in the attempts to wipe out terrorism completely both in Iraq and other targeted nations. All middle east countries that were suspected to condone the development of terrorist groups. This invasion, religious fanaticism and the long time conflicts with the neighbouring countries acted as pivotal determinant factors concerning the country’s political stature and its effects in the region.i Before and after t he cold war, America and the Russian governments sought to control the oil and water sources in the Middle East. These resources became an issue of conflict in the region leading to numerous political upheavals. Since the times of imperialism, America had convinced Muslims to adopt secular methods of governance and legal systems in order for modernization to take place in the Middle East. Reforms to the former Sharia government and legal systems became a fundamental issue when the secular methods failed (Cleveland and Marti). These reforms led to lengthy political squabbles for many years to the present time. Israeli also played a major role in the politics of Iraq as its neighbor and the fact that Israel collaborated with the Americans in the Anti-Arab movements. This relationship connects the three countries in a

Strategic Analysis for Tui Travel PLC Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Strategic Analysis for Tui Travel PLC - Essay Example Additionally, while other companies in similar marketplaces are experiencing drops in share value, based on the current economic crisis across the globe, TUI Travel, Plc. has witnessed a 42 percent increase in share value (TUI Travel, 2009). What this suggests is an organisation which is satisfying stakeholder expectations and is reaping the profit of having a very solid business model and diverse line of company brand names. Perhaps this high share value can be attributed to having a business model which recognises opportunities for improvement and looks continuously for methods to make the business even stronger. For example, in 2009, TUI Travel entered a strategic alliance with Air Berlin and will now own almost 20 percent of Air Berlin (Done and Wiesmann, 2009). This new strategic alliance will give TUI Travel a multitude of new opportunities for customer air travel and give the firm more destinations to provide to their many customers. Even though TUI is not invested into this alliance for a long-term, ownership agreement, TUI is actively looking for opportunities to expand its brand presence and keep the TUI name both flexible and financially-strong in the minds of its customers and investors. TUI also seems to have a very high cash availability, which is something that many companies in today’s economic climate cannot say. Cash increased by a considerable margin from 2007 to 2008, suggesting that TUI has the financial capabilities to consider many different alliances or acquisitions in the pursuit of giving the company a stronger brand image and more options for holiday for its many travel customers. There are many strengths under TUI’s current business model, one of which is the external environment which is prompting many positive changes to how the business performs internally. Arends and Niththyananthan (2009) suggest that TUI is now facing much lower fuel prices, lower

Significance of Structure and the Role of Marketing in Organisation Assignment

Significance of Structure and the Role of Marketing in Organisation - Assignment Example Innumerable writers have demonstrated the significance of the organisational structure along with its relation with the organisation’s size, technology, culture and environment. A few writers have mentioned the fact that if an organisation wants to achieve high performance, its structure needs to fit and match with the degree of change in its environment. It has further been pointed out that the structure plays a vital role in all the aspects of the human capital of the organisation. The organisation structure and the underlying design principles need to match with the main purpose of the organisation. Else, the organisation is deemed to fail and might not succeed in the long run. Marketing can be considered as the heart of an organization. The significance of marketing is growing in the non-commercial, public as well as voluntary sectors. The demand for the goods and services of any particular organisation totally relies upon the needs and wants along with the ability to pay. It is significant for the marketers to take these factors into consideration if they want to sell the product that focuses to be successful in the long run. (University of London, n.d.). There have been controversies in the recent years regarding the role played by marketing in the competitive strategy. By unambiguous verbalisation of the marketing capabilities, the researchers are capable of arguing the fact that marketing contributes to the theory and practice. The new researches need to focus upon the tasks those require different capabilities of marketing since they contribute to innovative along with entrepreneurial firm behaviour (Weerawardena, 2003). It has been found that the mar keters are gaining awareness of the positive impact of marketing actions with social dimensions can have upon the organisation. It has been pinpointed by American Marketing Association members that social responsibility can be considered as a significant element for enhancing the effectiveness of the organisation (Handelman & Arnold, 1999). Marketing plays a significant role in the operations of the business. With the term marketing, it is understood as satisfaction of the wants and needs of the customers. Through product, place, price and promotion strategies, the operation of the business can reflect upon the contentment of the needs and wants of the customer. Marketing links the business and the customers together. It is the duty of the marketer to provide such goods that can be liked by the consumers and they wish to buy it at such a price which customers want to pay in a proper location. Furthermore, the goods must be promoted effectively for enhancing the level of awareness of the product to the customers (Learning Edege, n.d.). It is marketing that is responsible at generation of the revenues as well as profit of the organisation. In case of non-profit organisations, the marketing takes care of attracting the customers so that the mission of the non-profit organization can be achieved. Without

Kenworth Motors Managment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Kenworth Motors Managment - Essay Example According to the discussion, Kenworth Motors is producers of trucking and other automobile products with its trucking manufacturing unit as its major and most important business unit. It is the leading manufacturer of heavy duty and medium duty trucks since 1923 and is dominating the market through its large network of dealers spread all over the country as well as in Canada. This large network not only offers the final product of the company but also offer parts and after sales services to the clients all over the market. The company has a tradition of serving its customers through its large network and as such the overall structure is designed in such a manner that it effectively serve its customers in almost all parts of the country. The case study in question provides the insight into the existing affairs that are taking place at the trucking unit of the company at Seattle and indicates about the various difficulties which the plant manager is envisaging in the future to happen. The underlying change that has been discussed in the case is multi-dimensional in nature and requires a very careful review of the affairs of the firm in order to prescribe any policy initiatives which can only be undertaken after issues are sorted out. Further, since any change cannot take place without the considering significant changes in the way HR function of the organization used to work. The change that is implicitly discussed in this case study outlines the need for having a complete revamping of the unit’s overall structure in order to make it more organized and efficient. For this purpose, HR therefore shall be playing the major role of providing necessary support in making this change more visible and effective within the organization.

Significance of Structure and the Role of Marketing in Organisation Assignment

Significance of Structure and the Role of Marketing in Organisation - Assignment Example Innumerable writers have demonstrated the significance of the organisational structure along with its relation with the organisation’s size, technology, culture and environment. A few writers have mentioned the fact that if an organisation wants to achieve high performance, its structure needs to fit and match with the degree of change in its environment. It has further been pointed out that the structure plays a vital role in all the aspects of the human capital of the organisation. The organisation structure and the underlying design principles need to match with the main purpose of the organisation. Else, the organisation is deemed to fail and might not succeed in the long run. Marketing can be considered as the heart of an organization. The significance of marketing is growing in the non-commercial, public as well as voluntary sectors. The demand for the goods and services of any particular organisation totally relies upon the needs and wants along with the ability to pay. It is significant for the marketers to take these factors into consideration if they want to sell the product that focuses to be successful in the long run. (University of London, n.d.). There have been controversies in the recent years regarding the role played by marketing in the competitive strategy. By unambiguous verbalisation of the marketing capabilities, the researchers are capable of arguing the fact that marketing contributes to the theory and practice. The new researches need to focus upon the tasks those require different capabilities of marketing since they contribute to innovative along with entrepreneurial firm behaviour (Weerawardena, 2003). It has been found that the mar keters are gaining awareness of the positive impact of marketing actions with social dimensions can have upon the organisation. It has been pinpointed by American Marketing Association members that social responsibility can be considered as a significant element for enhancing the effectiveness of the organisation (Handelman & Arnold, 1999). Marketing plays a significant role in the operations of the business. With the term marketing, it is understood as satisfaction of the wants and needs of the customers. Through product, place, price and promotion strategies, the operation of the business can reflect upon the contentment of the needs and wants of the customer. Marketing links the business and the customers together. It is the duty of the marketer to provide such goods that can be liked by the consumers and they wish to buy it at such a price which customers want to pay in a proper location. Furthermore, the goods must be promoted effectively for enhancing the level of awareness of the product to the customers (Learning Edege, n.d.). It is marketing that is responsible at generation of the revenues as well as profit of the organisation. In case of non-profit organisations, the marketing takes care of attracting the customers so that the mission of the non-profit organization can be achieved. Without

Thomas Hobbes Leviathan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Thomas Hobbes Leviathan - Essay Example This essay stresses that coping with the state of nature for both the artificial and natural human requires adaptability in coping with interactional challenges, in addition to moral challenges. Nature is considered sovereign as it is the art of God’s creation and governing of the world. Interaction with nature, therefore, requires some adaptability and coping skills for both the natural and artificial man. The artificial and the natural humans must adhere to certain conditions provided by the natural law for easier interaction and/or coping. Hobbes describes the artificial human or commonwealth as sovereign over the natural man, contrary to the fact that the natural man is considered sovereign over other artificial things. This paper makes a conclusion that the statement is misguiding due to the clear relationship between the divine, civil and natural laws. The natural law is all-inclusive to the human species, with God as the sovereign power or authority. The moral law of nature provides the human with character transformation and adaptability, happiness, virtues, and the imperatives and moral obligation of good and evil, for the good of the human. Hence, there is a clear difference and distinction between natural justice and the legal conventions of both the natural and artificial man. The critics to Hobbes’ work, such as Gauthier, are a clear indication of the discrepancies and contradictions in his work, and lack reliable evidence to support his conclusions and perceptions on the natural law.

Marketing Essays Satisfy Consumer Needs

Marketing Essays Satisfy Consumer Needs Satisfy Consumer Needs Introduction When marketing managers are asked if a particular tactic will produce the desired results, their answer has normally been closer to the lines of: it all depends on the product or service, the target demographic, the message and, particularly, how the target customers want to be approached (Beinhocker and Kaplan 2002). All these elements form a part of the marketing mix. Traditionally, marketers use the marketing mix, the 4Ps of product, price, place and promotion, to position the brand and to create brand values around a coherent set of policies for each of these P’s. Marketing mix has been used as a framework which acts as a guideline for marketers to implement a marketing concept. It consists of a set of major decision areas that a company needs to manage in order to at least satisfy consumer needs. This study will relate the concept of marketing mix with the fast changing mobile technology product market. The mobile phone market are no more company driven, rather it is cons umer driven. The business environment in which it operates is highly competitive with intense rivalry not only from direct competitors but also from the regulators and the environment. Analyzing the elements of the Marketing mix   ‘Price’ in the ‘marketing mix’ is the amount of money charged for a product or service, or the sum of the values that consumers exchange for the benefits of having or using the product or service (Beckwith, 2001). This is the only element on the marketing mix that produces revenue while the other three creates costs. By, ‘product’, marketers refer to anything that can be offered to a market for attention, acquisition, use or consumption that might satisfy a want or need (Sudhir, et al., 2005). This includes physical objects, services, persons, places, organizations and ideas. ‘Promotion’ refers to activities that communicate the product or service and its merits to target customers and persuade them to buy (Kotler Keller, 2006). It is concerned about delivering the sales message and traditionally has consisted of Advertising, direct marketing, sales promotion, public relation, publicity and personal selling. ‘Place’, a s the name suggests, refers to the geographic locations which has become increasingly significant in the wake of globalization. Every industry has to consider the culture and business practices of the place it is trying to do business with and the entry mode it wants to adapt before entering a different place/country/region. The ‘people’ (recently added to the marketing mix) aspect of marketing mix signifies the level of customer service, advice, sales support and aftermarket back-up required, involving recruitment policies, training, retention and motivation of key personnel. Marketing is professional practice it involves people. Traditional marketing mix was about dictating the market through price, product, place, and promotion manipulation. Marketing managers have traditionally used it to make better use of the tools and resources available to them in supplying products and services to customers and prospects. Get help with your essay from our expert essay writers Analysis and Discussion A consumer’s utility for a model of mobile phone is a function of the attributes and the price of that model, with the consumer choosing the brand-model that maximizes utility (Sriram, 2005; pg 440). Product plays a big role for global mobile phone companies like Nokia which not only have to keep continuously innovating with their products but also need to change its product according to the ethical and cultural aspects of the local market. It might be argued that even though ‘product’ is an important part of the digital industry, it’s the ‘innovation’ aspect associated with the products that give firms distinctive advantage over its rivals. Eg Sony Ericsson (the Japanese / Swedish firm) has integrated its successful ‘cybershot’ camera within its mobile phones to add value to its offering. Sony has also added its much known Walkman (Sony was the inventor of Walkman) feature to its mobile phone to give customers the best of three wo rlds (mobile, camera and walkman) in one device. Some might argue that this sort of strategy falls under the ‘product’ category of the marketing mix but, its less associated with the product design and specifications and more with the value and innovativeness. The price element of the marketing mix has traditionally relied on selecting the price objective by determining demand. Companies have estimated their price by comparing them to their competitors and basing it on a particular pricing method (Petrin, 2005). While the mobile phone industry still considers all these factors in setting its price, competitive pricing has given way to ‘value for money’ pricing. This means that low price as compared to competitors no longer means success in the mobile world. Pricing strategy in the mobile phone industry is more aligned to the company’s value proposition. Eg. Apple charges premium for its handset (iPhone) which is one of the costliest handset in the market, till its handset has achieved higher than expected sales. This is because its price is based not on competitor price but on its value proposition of innovativeness in terms of design and features. Similarly, Nokia N95 (market retail price c £500) is one of the most s uccessful Nokia offerings because it was the first phone to integrate a 5 mega pixel camera with a mobile. Customers are not ‘price sensitive’ any more; they are ‘value sensitive’. They see the value they are getting in terms of price that they pay for the offering.    While pricing strategy still needs to fit in with the overall mission of organisation, and reflect its financial objectives, it has to be more ‘value based’. Mobile products justify the fact that even though the four Ps are relevant in the current business environment, they probably need to be upgraded to include elements such as ‘innovation’ to reflect the present technology market realities. The promotion element of the marketing mix has undergone a huge change within the last few years. According to the Mobile Marketing Association, by 2008, 89 percent of brands will use text and multimedia messaging to reach their audiences, with nearly one-third planning to spend more than 10 percent of their marketing budgets on advertising in the medium (Graham, 2008). The newer element of marketing mix, ‘people’ is used to define modern mobile consumers and classifies consumers into a single entity. Researchers argue that ‘people’ cannot be classified as a single entity as requirement for product and services may vary. Also, increasing consumer power and sophistication due to wide availability of information has given rise to personalized marketing which requires interaction and sincere, direct dialog with the customer (Beinhocker, 2002). There is an increasingly need for marketers in the mobile market to identify the constantly changing and evolving customer needs, respond quickly to competitive movements and predict market trends early and accurately. Find out how our expert essay writers can help you with your work Eg. Motorola pioneered the mobile revolution and was the first mobile phone brand to enter the market. But, it has moved from pioneer to a low third (in terms of market share) and currently under threat to lose market share to Sony Ericsson because of its innovative handsets. Eg. Major Motorola competitors like Nokia, Samsung, Sony Ericsson have come out with 5 Mega pixel camera mobiles but Motorola is still to catch up with them in terms of product design and value addition. Some may argue that this falls under ‘product’ part of the marketing mix but it is actually innovation that drives competition. Mobile was an innovative device and the market has always relied on innovation, which can be in terms of product or service. With organizations already providing internet access over mobile phones, the new trend is to add the capability to view television programs on the mobile. Rather than the 4P’s, performance in the mobile industry is driven more by changes tied t o intrinsic preferences which can be because of the changing portfolio of models in the product line and/or modifications in the attributes and prices of the models in the product line. While the 4P’s theory is still relevant in terms of marketing theory and practice, it oversimplifies the reality of marketing management in terms of mobile phone market (Brassington Pettitt, 2003). It is more organization-centric and says about the interactions between the mix variables. Also, recent development in technology has led to the concept of Customer Relation Management which encourage relationship building with the customer. The 4P’s of marketing rely on more transactional variables. The mobile phone product is one such product where staying close to the customers is extremely important. Companies not only need to know who their customers are but also what they value, in terms of add-on services. Comaines need to understand the need for product extensions by maintaing a direct contact with their customers, the highly visible nature of the service process, and the simultaneity of the production and consumption (Coviello Brodie, 2001). The extension allows a more thorough analysis of the marketing ingredients necessary for successful marketing (Akcura et al., 2004). Also, depending on the product line, different elements of marketing mix may have varying importance attached to them. Eg. Previous financial researchers done by (Driussi, 2007; pg 57) have revealed that in some cases a 1 % change in price can deliver a 10% plus improvement in profit. This might mean that businesses deal with pricing with much more rigor that their product design, channel management or promotions planning.   Despite the background and status of the Marketing mix as a major theoretical and practical parameter of contemporary marketing, several academics have at times expressed doubts and objections as to the value and the future of the Mix, proposing alternatives that range from minor modifications to total rejection (Brassington Pettitt, 2003). The common issues where researchers feel they marketing mix has its limitations are, its inadequacy to address specific marketing situations like the marketing of services, the management of relationships or the marketing of industrial products. Due to these factors, researchers believe that the marketing mix theory has to be broadened to suit the current market conditions. Consumer behavior in the mobile phone industry has also evolved with a rise in the over the mass consumer markets towards increasingly global, segmented, customized or even personalized markets of today (Kotler Keller 2006) where innovation, customization, relationships build ing and networking have become issues of vital significance. The new marketing principles imply that marketing activities should be based on identification of customer needs and wants, typical external and therefore uncontrollable factors (Naik et al., 2005). Researchers believe that by expanding the theoretical scope of the marketing theory, it will be easier to reflect on urge to better understand the managerial consequences of transformations taking place and identify sources of superior firm performance in constantly evolving competitive environments (Constantinides, 2001). Draganska (2006) believes that the growing pressure on marketers to better identify and satisfy constantly changing customer and industry needs, the increasing importance of services and the need to build-up long-lasting relationships with the client, have further contributed to the exposure of several limitations of the 4P framework as a marketing management tool.   Conclusions   The changing marketplace dynamics of mobile phone industry has meant that marketing mix as a differentiation strategy needs massive upgrading. The rise of competition, globalization, increasing use of technology in marketing practices has changed the traditional way to marketing to people. There are no certainties and no guarantees of success within the mobile phone industry even if companies get their 4P’s right. This is because, what works with one group of customers may not work with another, and some things which traditionally used to work may not work at all. In the continuously changing marketing environment, the marketing mix is still relevant but strategies based on them may not necessarily work. There are more variables and elements to the mix than the 4P’s, which depends of the industry type, market structure, competition and other related factors. Graham (2008; pg 40) while referring to the 4P’s states that rather than bouncing the four (price, promoti on, people and place) balls at one time, marketers need to juggle up to a dozen or more at the same time. It is worth mentioning that in the wake of changing consumer preferences, marketing managers still need to evaluate the effects of product attributes and marketing activities to improve performance in the marketplace. References Akcura, T. M., F. Gonul, E. Petrova. (2004) Consumer learning and brand valuation: An application on over-the-counter (OTC) drugs. Marketing Science. 23(4) 156–169. Ailawadi, K.L., Lehmann, D.R. and Neslin, S.A. (2001), Market Response to a Major Policy Change in the Marketing Mix: Learning from Procter Gambles Value Pricing Strategy. Journal of Marketing, Vol. 65 Issue 1, p44. Beckwith, H. (2001), The Invisible Touch the Four Keys of Modern Marketing, Texere Publishing. Brassington, F. and Pettitt, S. (2003), Principles of Marketing, Third Edition, Prentice Hall / Financial Times. Beinhocker, E.D. and Kaplan, S. (2002), Tired of Strategic Planning? The McKinsey Quarterly, nr 2. Constantinides, E. (2002), The 4S Web-Marketing Mix Model, E-Commerce Research and Applications, Elsevier Science, July 2002, Vol. 1/1, pp 57-76. 434 Coviello, N.E. and Brodie, R.J. (2001), Contemporary marketing practices of consumer and business-to-business firms: how different are they?. The Journal of Business and Industrial Marketing, Vol. 16, Nr. 5 pp. 382 400. Draganska, M., (2006) Consumer preferences and product line pricing strategies: An empirical analysis. Marketing Science. 25(2) 164–174. Driussi, A (2007), Pricing: the lost component of the marketing mix?, BT Weekly, 5/11/2007 Professional Marketing Su, Vol. 57, p6-7 The New Marketing Mix: Where Will You Meet Your Customers? 1/7/2008, Vol. 233 Issue 2, p40-41 Kotler Keller (2006), Marketing Management (12th edn.), London, Perason Education Naik, P., K. Raman, R. Winer (2005) Planning marketing-mix strategies in the presence of interaction effects. Marketing Sci. 24(1) 25–34. Petrin, A. (2005) Omitted product attributes in differentiated product models. Working paper, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA. Sudhir, K., P. K. Chintagunta, V. Kadiyali. 2005. Time-varying competition. Marketing Sci. 24(1) 96–109. Sriram et al.: Effects of Brand Preference, Product Attributes, and Marketing Mix Variables Marketing Science 25(5), pp. 440–456

Will Eastern Europe become the New Periphery to the Prosperous Nations

Will Eastern Europe become the New Periphery to the Prosperous Nations of the West? "Enlargement is one the most important opportunities for the European Union as it prepares for the 21st century. It is a unique, historic task to further the integration of the continent by peaceful means, extending a zone of stability and prosperity to new members." www.europa.com/ec/enlarge European Union Enlargement ========================== At its summit in Luxembourg in December 1997, the European Commission decided that the enlargement should encompass: ÂÂ · the European Conference, a multilateral framework bringing together ten central European countries, Cyprus and Turkey, launched in 1998 on the 12 march; ÂÂ · the accession process, covering ten central European countries and Cyprus, launched in the same year on the 30th march; ÂÂ · the accession negotiations, which the European Council decided to open on the 31st march 1998 with six countries recommended by the European Commission: Cyprus, the Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Poland and Slovenia. The European Union has already had many successful enlargements such as the United Kingdom in 1973 and also Greece in 1981 and most recently Sweden in 1995. So therefore there should not be any problems with expansion again. However the expansion under consideration today is different then before. It is unique because the area would increase by 34% and also the population would increase by 105 million that will also involve the membership of different cultures and histories. Eastern Europe and the Balkans would benefit significantly by the enlargement because of the single ... ... prosperous and also more likely to merge with the European Union without many problems and mainly be able to keep most of their workers there or even pull new investors into the area. So in conclusion as long as the integration and the European Union Accession Partnership before integration takes place and is followed carefully and all goes well then the Balkan area and even all of Central and Eastern Europe could integrate and not become peripheral but prosperous memberstates instead. Word Count: 2,100 References Peter Coffey "The Future of Europe". Agenda 2000 for a Stronger and Wider Union Brian Hill, "The European Union", 2nd edn, Heinemann Educational, 1994 1991-1999 EU assistance to South-Eastern Europe & Western Balkans - Figures www.europa.com/ec/enlarge www.europa.com

Environmental Effects of Fossil Fuel Exploration and Extraction Essay

As the fossil fuels, such as coal, gas, LPG and coal mixed gas and so on, has been used in the modern production process since the industrial revolution happened, the environment effects of fossil fuels’ exploration and extraction is the biggest concerns for public life. To illustrate this, data collected by Marland, Boden, Andres, Brenkert and Johnston (2003) points out that the fossil fuels industry has caused the release of approximately 337 billion metric tons of carbon to atmosphere since 1751, and the greenhouse gases’ accumulation caused by the industry can increase the risk of heat waves, droughts, malnutrition and other disasters (Haines, Kovats, Campbell-Lendrum and Corvalà ¡n, 2006), leading to social panic and complaints. Fossil fuels’ exploration and extraction in this essay refers to an industrial process of prospecting the petrochemical resources and transferring it to consumable goods. The environmental effects of this process could be varied; th is essay will focus on air pollution, land subsidence and the degradation of water quality. Initially, air pollution is considered as a negative effect of exploring and extracting the fossil fuels due to the increasing content of carbon dioxide and air dust. Since fossil resources were found and applied, the global warming issues become worse due to the increasing content of carbon dioxide. For instance, Arup(2013) states that 759 million tons more carbon dioxide will be produced if coal production keeps expanding over the level of 2011 and this will push emissions over carbon budget, causing the failure to control the climate change. Moreover, the increasing content of solid particles or air dust during this procedure may also a threat to general air quality. According to G... ...& Johnston, C. A. (2003). Global, regional, and national fossil fuel CO2 emissions. Trends: A compendium of data on global change, 34-43. http://cdiac.ornl.gov/trends/emis/overview Moffatt, S., & Pless-Mulloli, T. (2003). â€Å"It wasn’t the plague we expected.† Parents’ perceptions of the health and environmental impact of opencast coal mining. Social science & medicine, 57(3), 437-451. doi: 10.1016/S0277-9536(02)00369-6 Shi, T. G., Jiang, L. G., Li, Y., & Yang, Y. L. (2013). Disaster Analysis and Countermeasures of Land Subsidence caused by Coal Cutting in China. Chinese Geographical Science, 13(2), 130-133. http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11769-003-0006-7# Tiwary, R. K. (2001). Environmental impact of coal mining on water regime and its management. Water, Air, and Soil Pollution, 132(1-2), 185-199. http://link.springer.com/article/10.1023/A:1012083519667#

Music Concert Report Essay

The highly respected jazz trio made up of pianist Bill Charlap, bassist Kenny Washington and drummer Peter Washington played for about an hour an a half. Their smooth melodies and precise playing worked perfectly together to give a great performance against the New York City skyline at Dizzy’s Club Coca-Cola. The trio opened up the show with a song called â€Å"I’ll Remember April†. The song was originally written in 1941 by Gene de Paul (Wilson, McElrath, Tyle). â€Å"I’ll Remember April† first performance was in a very atypical setting. The song was not performed in a Broadway play or Jazz Club but rather the 1942 comedy Called Ride ‘Em Cowboy. Actor Dick Foran sang the song in what a critic at the time called, â€Å"I’ll Remember April’ was an oasis of sanity in the madness† (Wilson, McElrath, Tyle). Although an odd start the movie Ride ‘Em Cowboy proved to be significant in the Jazz community for another reason as well. In the movie the famous jazz vocalist Ella Fitzgerald appeared in her first film role playing an employee at the dude ranch named Ruby (â€Å"I’ll Remember April (1941)†). â€Å" She projected a light, frothy, easy-going humor† in her performance of â€Å"A-Tisket, A-Tasket† (â€Å"I’ll Remember April (1941)†). This movie brought out just how significant jazz music was at the time because it made a mediocre film come to life. This was not Gene De Paul’s first time creating a brilliant jazz song. The pianist, composer and arranger had written many songs before for Hollywood films and Broadway shows such as â€Å"You Don’t Know What Love is† and â€Å"Star Eyes† (â€Å"I’ll Remember April (1941)†). He had worked with many lyricists before but on this particular song Gene de Paul worked with his friend Don Raye and Patricia Johnston (â€Å"I’ll Remember April (1941)†). The lyrics portrays two distant lovers remembering the past and have a close connection with Dorothy Fields â€Å"The Way You Look Tonight† (â€Å"I’ll Remember April (1941)†). The song entered the pop charts in the spring of 1942 after being recorded by Woody Herman and his Orchestra. The song did not catch on quickly because it differed in many ways from the typical pop song of the time. The melody and form separated â€Å"I’ll Remember April† the most from other music of the time. Songs of the time usually followed an A-A-B-A form, repeating a lot giving it a catchy tune. â€Å"I’ll Remember April† however, used a 48-bar A-B-C-D-A-B form making it seem long and dragged out compared to other popular jazz songs. Wilson, McElrath, Tyle) â€Å" Beboppers Charlie Parker and Bud Powell were among the first to explore the song’s unconventional structure, followed by an influential 1950 recording by Red Norvo’s trio with Tal Farlow and Charles Mingus† (â€Å"I’ll Remember April (1941)†). The actually musicality of the song is quite complex with many chord changes and key changes. The song starts off in G but has a â€Å"false key change to Bb major during the first eight measures of the bridge† (Wilson, McElrath, Tyle). The tone of the song is major it moves rather step wise throughout. The chord progression of the song is a twist and turn roller coaster taking you from a G to a E major back to the G then to a D7. This is important because it allows for many different substitutions of chords and improvisations. (Wilson, McElrath, Tyle) One of the most important and defining elements in Jazz is improvisation. It is expected that during any jazz performance one or more musicians will improvise. Improvisation is so common that most of the time a musician will not perform the same piece the same way twice. However the freedom given to jazz musicians does come with some boundaries. â€Å"I’ll Remember April† gives much leeway to improvisation as long as they are â€Å"chosen carefully so as to at least imply a logical harmonic progression† (Wilson, McElrath, Tyle). Typical jazz instruments are the saxophone, clarinet, flute, vibraphone, trumpet, piano, guitar, banjo, tuba, double bass, bass guitar, vocals, trombone and drum kit. The size of the band can vary greatly in jazz however from an ensembles which can have as little as two people to big bands that can have as many as 30 people. The Jazz show that I saw was a trio including a pianist, bassist and drummer. The setting in which I saw â€Å"ll Remember April† performed is much different then the setting I would have seen it in 1942. I saw the song be performed in a rather fancy evening setting at a Jazz Club where there was dinners and drinks being served. The club was modern and well designed. The backdrop behind the performers was a large window outlooking part of the New York City skyline. Around 75 people went to the club to watch a well respected trio play their rendition of â€Å"I’ll Remember April†, as well as several other songs. In 1942 I would not have been able to go to a club one night and be served dinner as I listened to a band play the song. At first the only way to hear the song was in the movies it was featured in. The song was featured in the 1942 film Ride ’em Cowboy as I had mentioned earlier, it was also in the 1942 movie Strictly in the Groove and was again featured in the 1945 movie Eve Knew Her Apples. It is not until later that I would have been able to sit down at a jazz club or concert hall to see the piece be performed. Anita Boyer recording of â€Å"I’ll Remember April† appeared on the album The nat King Cole Trio: The MacGregor Years 1941-1945 disc 4 (Wilson, McElrath, Tyle). Since then â€Å"I’ll Remember April† has been recorded hundreds of times by various artists throughout the years. â€Å"The song’s unconventional characteristics became assets, and it found favor as a bop vehicle† (Wilson, McElrath, Tyle). Each performance of â€Å"I’ll Remember April† takes on its own identity according to the performer. Artists have put their own twists on the song sometimes even implying a â€Å"Latin-feel† or they have stuck close to the original. The aspect of flexibility while maintaining the same brilliant theme makes â€Å"I’ll Remember April† so exciting making artists recreate the classic for years. Before going to the concert I listened to â€Å"I’ll Remember April† performed by Charlie Parker. Charlie Parker was an extremely influential jazz saxophonist. He recorded â€Å"I’ll Remember April† on July 5, 1950. While having the same melody Charlie Parker’s version of â€Å"I’ll Remember April† and the Bill Charlap Trio’s version differed greatly. The biggest difference was the use of instruments. The Bill Charlap Trio did not include a saxophone. I had expected to hear a saxophone so at first it took a second for my ears to adjust when the Bill Charlap Trio began to play the song. I personally preferred the saxophone. I thought it gave the song a very demanding tone catching the audiences attention while at the same time it gave the song a very magically, flowing feeling. The saxophone was also backed up by other instruments like the piano which gave it a full rich sound. The piano, bass, and drums of the Bill Charlap Trio also gave a good performance however I felt it lacked a clear â€Å"lead† instrument how the saxophone did for Parker’s rendition. One aspect I did like more in the Bill Charlap Trio’s version was the elongated piano solo. Solos are very important in jazz music and they occur often. Solos give artists the opportunity to improvisation keeping the piece fresh and giving it an element of surprise. Throughout the Bill Charlap Trio’s performance there were many solos. In â€Å"I’ll Remember April† it was the piano’s time to shine. I enjoyed the solo because it showed off Bill Charlap’s talent and kept the piece exciting. An interesting aspect of his solo was he included a verse from Dorothy Fields’s â€Å"The Way You Look Tonight† which as I mentioned earlier gave inspiration to the writing of â€Å"I’ll Remember April†. Overall I enjoyed listening the piece live better than the recording because it allowed the music to â€Å"come alive† rather than just listening to a recording. Going to the concert opened my eyes to what seems to be a whole new world. I was very anxious and nerve about what to expect when I went to the Jazz Club but when I got there I was pleasantly surprised. The music was entertaining and I loved the experience. Looking up the history of the songs continued to spark my interest. It is very interesting to see how music written seventy years ago is still influential and played in modern settings such as a Jazz Club.

The Theory and Medical Treatment of ADHD

For the past several decades the terms learning disorders, learning dysfunctions, learning disabilities, learning differences, and attention-deficit disorders have made the rounds in the educational, medical, and psychological journals. The concepts have been studied routinely and thoroughly with similar and distinct differences. Some theoreticians and educators include the concepts of dyslexia, hyperactivity, interrupted concentration, anxiety, perceptual dysfunction, and a host of other variables as belonging to the definition of what should be called a learning puzzle rather than a dysfunction. If the perception of a piece is placed before the recognition of the whole, then treatment is item specific and not supportive of the entire structure. In other words, learning, and the process whereby it is completed or interrupted, must be viewed in relation to the whole structure rather than identified by its parts. The learning puzzle can be properly described as an intricate formation of a human's neurological, physiological, psychological, and sociological systems (parts) blended together to produce a healthy functioning individual (whole). The â€Å"act† of learning is accomplished optimally when all parts of the puzzle are functioning without interruption. However, when learning is interrupted through external or internal stimuli the puzzle cannot be completed and negative results occur. The lack of puzzle completion is brought about both environmentally and medically. For example: A lack of educational opportunity, poor self esteem, and even peer pressure (environmental leaning interruption) can help to erode the puzzle structure and produce a dysfunctional situation in the learning process (Jourard, 1959). Similarly, should there exist a malfunction in the body (medical part) disruption in learning can occur as well; thus preventing the puzzle from becoming complete. The focus, therefore, of this paper will be to report on that which causes learning to be disrupted through a medical variable (hyperactivity) and the treatment that can be applied to permit learning to take place on a much more normal basis. The literature is replete with references to Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (AD/HD) and the learning consequences. Generally speaking AD/HD is characterized by developmentally inappropriate impulsivity, attention, and hyperactivity. It is a neurological disorder (DSM-IV-TR, 2000; Breggin, 2000) that has serious consequences including school failure, problems with relationships, conduct disorder, substantive abuse and job failure (Bagwell, 2001; Cepeda, 2000). More specifically AD/HD refers to a family of related chronic neurobiological disorders that interfere with an individual's capacity to regulate activity level (hyperactivity), inhibit behavior (impulsivity), and attend to tasks (inattention) in developmentally appropriate ways. Treatment for the disorder runs the gambit from behavioral therapy (Rabiner, 2003), to herbal remedies (Chan, 2000), to medication (Biederman, 1999). For the most part the drugs used to treat AD/HD are those, which must be prescribed by a physician. Regardless of the drug prescribed the most effective way to treat AD/HD is to use a combination of drugs and therapy. The most common, as well as most familiar, prescriptive medications used for the treatment of AD/HD in children are those stimulants known as methylphenidates (Ritalin, Concerta, Metadate-ER) and amphetamines (Dexedrine, Dexedrine Spansules, Adderall. (Breggin, 1998; Watkins and Brynes, 1999). However, administering these particular drugs to AD/HD children reportedly has some rather severe ramifications such as drug dependency, changing brain chemistry, suppressing appetite, and disrupting the growth hormone. Stimulant medications commonly used to decrease distractibility by increasing focus and concentration, are Ritalin, Dexedrine and Cylert. The general misconception is that this type of medication is used to control hyperactivity. However, the decrease in observable hyperactivity is actually the result of increased ability to concentrate. On the other hand there are even some researchers and practitioners who believe that Ritalin can also lead the way to the use of other narcotics and drugs as the child gets older. Yet there are those who believe that even though the use of Ritalin should be discontinued, they believe the AD/HD child can be placed in a more compliant or submissive state with medications that will permit the child to gain control over the disruptive behavior and learn more (Pelham, Carlson, Sams, Vallano, Dixon, & Hoza, 1993; Runnheim et al. 1996; Barkley, R. A. ,1990). Just because an AD/HD child may have a positive reaction to medication is not indicative that medication is all that is required to produce the desired learning and behavioral results. The medications do not cure the disorder; they only control the symptoms while the medication is in the system. Knowing that medications may help a child pay better attention they do not improve the child's academic skills or increase the child's knowledge. What is most often recommended for lasting improvement is to combine a medical management program with other treatment modalities such as behavioral therapy, emotional support, and parental and educational involvement. The concern today is that everyone is looking for a miracle cure for AD/HD children. Successful treatment of AD/HD requires specifically dealing with several problems in terms of hyperactivity, impulsivity, inattention, and poor motivation. In fact the more the treatment digresses from the aforementioned performance points, the less successful the treatment becomes. Knowing that proper nutrition, exercise and a healthy lifestyle is important for everyone, including ADHD children, there is extremely little scientific evidence that any homeopathic or herbal preparations will lessen or eliminate the symptoms of AD/HD in children. In addition there is little evidence as well treating an AD/HD child with vitamin and mineral supplements, biofeedback, or acupuncture will have any long-lasting affect. The life of an AD/HD child can only change for the better through a combination of careful assessment, proper counseling, family involvement, and appropriate medical treatment.

Branches of the Criminal Justice

The system of courts, corrections and law enforcement in the criminal justice is directly involved in the supervision, incarceration, sentencing, defense, prosecution, and apprehension of those charged with or suspected of criminal offenses. Law enforcement agencies, in one hand, are governmental agencies or subunits thereof having legal authority to arrest and to carry out crime reduction and control (National Law Enforcement Officers Memorial Fund, 2004). For the majority of the time, however, their work is composed of three principal functions which include law enforcement, service and order maintenance.On the contrary, justice is one of the primary aspects of law enforcement; hence the courts are as well of major significance in criminal justice since it encourages freedom and justice, in addition to law and order. Basically, the courts function as the location where justice is governed and disputes are resolved (Answers. com, 2009). From the court system and following the findin gs of guilt, individuals are then turned over to the correctional authorities.The corrections will then administer the sanctions conferred by the court against convicted criminals (Osceola County Clerk of Circuit Court’s Office, 2000). Taken as a whole, the criminal justice system is a fundamental component in the maintenance of social control and order. Efficiency, Conflict and Abuse of Power The criminal justice in general is used by local and national governments, in order to uphold social authority, control, crime deterrence, and to appropriately penalize those who violated the laws.However, there are large numbers of existing specific agencies that carry out the tasks of the criminal justice; each of which has its own extensive functions to act upon. The courts, for instance, despite of their various levels, divisions and specializations, are still experiencing difficulty from the incessant clogging of their court dockets due to the large number of cases that are brought to them everyday. Clearly, the efficiency of services will not be delivered if the branches of criminal justice system are merged, without suffering fairness, impartiality, and social control and administration.Likewise, criminal justice system has several components, and in their functioning, each of which has several stages of process. As such, performance of functions will likely cause conflict if all the branches are merged into one agency. For instance, due to the law enforcement officers’ field experiences and orientations, their perspective of what is culpable may be different from that of the judges’, which possesses more subtle legal qualities than any other individuals in any of the other two branches.Consequently, divergences of standpoints will then arise resulting to constant conflicts. Lastly, the possibility of abuse of power would be more evident if the three branches of the criminal justice system are merged into one single agency that execute the fun ctions of all three. This is because the respective attributes of each branch are different. The law enforcement officers’ task is to basically bring lawbreakers to the criminal justice system (EduDecisions. com, 2009). As such, their duties and responsibilities primarily involve executive function.For a fair trial, law enforcement officers bring the lawbreakers to the courts, and obviously, judicial functions are then performed. However, there would be no fair trial if one agency performs both executive and judicial functions. All the more if the same agency will hand out and administer the offenders’ rehabilitation. These circumstances are clearly vulnerable to abuse in view of the fact that it concentrates broad and significant powers into one agency. Conclusion A criminal justice system that is independent, fair, honest and effective is one of the most indispensable institutions of America.Accordingly, despite the modernization of times, the continued division betw een the law enforcement, courts and corrections is still very necessary. Although the three branches must still cooperate with each other in order to provide justice for victims, criminals and the society; nevertheless, the system still needs to be structurally based in order to maintain effective social control, efficiency, impartiality, goal organization and accountability. References Answers. com. (2009). Criminal Justice. Retrieved March 9, 2009, from http://www. answers. com/topic/criminal-justice#CourtsEduDecisions. com. (2009, March 2). The United States Criminal Justice System. Retrieved March 9, 2009, from http://www. edudecisions. com/articles/criminal-justice-careers/criminal-justice-system. php National Law Enforcement Officers Memorial Fund. (2004, March 17). Adding a Name to the Memorial. Retrieved March 9, 2009, from http://www. nleomf. com/TheMemorial/addname. htm Osceola County Clerk of Circuit Court’s Office. (2000). A Criminal Justice System Overview. Retri eved March 10, 2009, from http://www. osceolaclerk. com/criminal_justice_system_overview. htm

Consumer Behaviour in UK and China Automobile Industry Dissertation - 1

Consumer Behaviour in UK and China Automobile Industry - Dissertation Example These five questions are very important as it covers all major areas for studying consumer behaviors. In order to cater to those five questions, this paper has presented and discussed important sections like literature review, primary research and secondary research. The literature review has presented an  important theoretical background to understand the mechanism of consumer behavior. The primary research has obtained important data for identifying the prevailing consumers’ behaviors and secondary research has provided the factual data to link with the primary data. The gathered primary data has disclosed major trends in consumer behavior in car markets of the UK and on the Chinese people. These primary data are also discussed and analyzed in the light of the given theoretical background and secondary data. The output of the primary data analyses has supported the consumer behavioral theories and secondary data. As per the discussions based on literature review, primary a nd secondary data, this paper is able to cater to the five pre-defined research questions. The consumer behavior in the  automobile industry of China and UK is influenced by a number of factors like culture, economic condition, brand, quality, price etc and these factors vary as per the national culture and system of the two countries. The successful automobile companies presented in both countries are able to differentiate and identify the multiple factors influencing the consumer buying behavior. The cultural paradigm of different markets like China and Britain reflect significant impacts on the purchasing behavior of cars and domestic vehicles. The main aim of the paper revolves around understanding the reasons or factors which bring about cultural changes and thereby affect the demand for cars in the two markets.