Kill A Mockingbird, By Robert Mulligan - 941 Words

To Kill A Mockingbird In the movie To Kill a Mockingbird directed by Robert Mulligan portrays a story about a small town lawyer, who has taken upon himself to prove that Tom Robinson was innocent of raping a young woman by the name of Mayella Ewell. The only problem that Atticus faced was Tom Robinson was an African American at a time where racism was big, especially in the 1930’s. Atticus goes above and beyond to try and prove he was innocent. The end result was that Tom Robinson was guilty and was put in prison where he ended up dead. This film conveys and communicates a strong social issue of how racism often is more powerful than logic and reasoning due to fear. This film shows you how racism was a major issue especially in those times. This issue is still around today. Everyday you hear more and more news about racism. I believe this is a major social problem and it needs to be address more. In To Kill a Mockingbird, Atticus knew that Tom Robinson was innocent and so did everyone else, but the fact of the matter was he was an African American. If the people had logic and some sort of reasoning then they would realize that Tom Robinson never raped anyone and that he was an innocent man, but the people of Maycomb, Alabama wanted to see him locked up because of the color of his skin. Not only did Robinson get harassed, but Atticus have gotten a lot of hate for defending him. These harassments even happened to his daughter Scout, their own cousin whose just as young asShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Kill A Mockingbird By Robert Mulligan1881 Words   |  8 PagesBased on Harper Lee’s To Kill a Mockingbird published in 1960, Robert Mulligan’s 1962 film adaptation employs the use of several nonverbal elements to emphasize emotions that dialogue fails to portray or evoke reactions from viewers. In Lee’s novel, Scout is narrating past events of her childhood that seem to accurately portray the characters and their personalities. The child ren, Jem Finch, played by Philip Alford, Jean Finch or Scout, played by Mary Badham, and Dill, played by John Megna, are veryRead MoreKill A Mockingbird, By Robert Mulligan And Written For The Screen By Horton Foote1270 Words   |  6 Pagescompassion; and yet he just saw the most overt form of injustice—the conviction of an innocent man. Suddenly he completes the last steps of the journey to being an adult. The context above is undoubtedly clear in the film, To Kill a Mockingbird, directed by Robert Mulligan and written for the screen by Horton Foote. Set in Maycomb, Alabama in 1932, the film presents a story of becoming an adult by witnessing injustice in the South. The story in narrated by six-year-old Jean Louise â€Å"Scout† Finch (MaryRead MoreKill A Mockingbird By Harper Lee1492 Words   |  6 Pagesany great film, there is a great message behind it. When you watch a movie, do you ever dig deeper than just sitting there and looking at what is going on? Perhaps, there is a message or a certain belief that film had. Harper Lee’s novel, To Kill a Mockingbird was released into a great film on December 25 1962. This film is a favorite to many people and is still ranked the 29th best film in the internet data base. The film is based around a court case for a black male that was accused of raping aRead MoreHarper Lee s Novel Of The Same Title896 Words   |  4 Pageslike to be, and how we view ourselves. â€Å"To Kill a Mockingbird† is in fact a classic film that does just that. Directed by Robert Mulligan, this film was based on Harper Lee’s novel of the same title. The screenplay by Horton Foote, â€Å"To Kill a Mockingbird is both a coming of age story of three young children, told from the perspective of Scout as she reflects upon an important court case involving her father when she was only six years of age (Pakula Mulligan, 1962). It is a commentary on racism inRead MoreTheme Of Racism In To Kill A Mockingbird1450 Words   |  6 Pages Ingrained Racism â€Å"Remember it’s a sin to kill a mockingbird...Mockingbirds don’t do one thing but make music for us to enjoy† (Lee 119). The white community sinned and the black community suffered as an innocent mockingbird was killed. Although innocence is one recurring theme in Harper Lee’s novel, it seems as though it only mattered to her. Lee illustrates the widespread racial discrimination and oppression that developed in every social class of Maycomb, Alabama. Mulligan’s interpretation howeverRead MoreEnglish Speech- Away and to Kill a Mockingbird797 Words   |  4 Pagesworld. Michael Gow’s play script of Away, relates to the challenges, goals and discoveries which are achieved by the characters Tom, Coral and Gwen as they endure physical, emotional and imaginative journeys, whilst the film To Kill a Mockingbird, directed by Robert Mulligan in 1962 utilises the innocence of childhood to convey three personal journeys as demonstrated through char acterisation and cinematic techniques. Physical journey become the catalyst to emotional and imaginative journeys, as demonstratedRead MoreTo Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee1000 Words   |  4 Pagesachieve nearly anything; however, for a woman of yesterdays society, bringing world-wide recognition to the many faces of prejudice is an accomplishment of its own. Author Harper Lee has had the honor to accomplish just that through her novel, To Kill a Mockingbird, a moving and inspirational story about a young girl learning the difference between the good and the bad of the world. In the small town of Monroeville, Alabama, Nelle Harper Lee was born on April 28, 1926. Growing up, Harper Lee had threeRead MoreTo Kill A Mockingbird Ethical Dilemma Essay1001 Words   |  5 Pagesearth to meet both humane and society’s criteria. In To Kill a Mockingbird’s courtroom saga, the struggle to find balance in social norms and moral law engulfs the town’s perspective on race, poverty, and ignorance forcing its peo ple to choose between the two. The enlightenment of empathy can not only be used to alleviate society from its own ignorance, but it can also solve the rhetorical clash of morality and social norms. In To Kill a Mockingbird, Jem and scout use their childish innocence to sparkRead MoreTo Kill a Mockingbird: Movie vs Novel1238 Words   |  5 PagesWhat You See Is Not What You Read Life is full of lessons, the movie version of the novel To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee is not! Harper Lee entwines these life lessons throughout her novel; however, the movie version fails to incorporate these lessons into its plot. Thus, the movie version must be deemed incomplete, as it is most certain that there are many important lessons that Jem and Scout learn throughout the novel. A few key characters who taught these lessons to the children and whoRead MoreAnalysis Of Kill A Mockingbird By Harper Lee999 Words   |  4 PagesTo Kill a Mockingbird vs A Time to Kill To Kill a Mockingbird is a classic film, originally published as a novel by Harper Lee in 1960 and republished as a film by Robert Mulligan in 1962. This movie is based on a white attorney, Atticus Finch, defending an African American man, Tom Robinson, which was accused of raping a white woman. This trial illustrates how server racisms was in the early 1960’s. A Time to Kill is the prefect demonstration to show how racism still exists 30 years later. In 1966

The Problem Of A Public Institution - 1238 Words

Leon Fridman Prof. Connell CUNY Case 11/23/15 The CUNY Dilemma The main issue plaguing CUNY is the same issue that is currently plaguing all of America, corruption at the highest levels of power. The corruption in our state government on the part of the Governor and Mayor’s office trickling down to the CUNY Chancellor, the Board of Trustees, and beyond. This leads budget cuts that don’t impact all stakeholders evenly, causing vast economic disparity. Executives and Administrators continue to enjoy high salaries accompanied by high increases that are disproportionate to the faculty. Who are forced to work without raises in the country’s most expensive city, combined with the†¦show more content†¦The one group of stakeholders that seem to be having a relatively easy time are CUNY’s highest paid employees, the Executives and Administrators. Which brings up the blatant conflict of interest that hinders solving CUNY’s budget cuts. When the Chancellor and Board of Trustees are appointed by the government and are given immense power, they reap all the benefits and none of the consequences, and that extend to the Administrators as well. They make a ton of money and no one is going to force them to take a pay cut, which means everyone below them is at a massive disadvantage, and will have to suffer for their decisions. To prove that this corruption exists I started by looking at CUNY’s 2009 Executive Compensation Plan. Back then the System Officers were making an average maximum of over $257,000 per year, and the Chancellor’s maximum was salary was at $470,000. In 2010 Lisa Federaro publishes an article in the New York Times about the Chancellor’s salary hikes outgrowing the faculty salaries. She reported, â€Å"Chancellor Goldstein was earning $600,000 per year, his base salary doubled over 11 years, and on average his salary grew seven percent per year.† This was still during the recession and the Board of Trustees had no issue giving him a raise the year pri or. Federaro also said that, â€Å"When school presidents decided not to accept raises to show solidarity, Goldstein took the money.† This

Sexual activity among teens Essay Example For Students

Sexual activity among teens Essay In the united states, we have the pregnancy rates of industrialized nations. The teen pregnancy rates for the United States are two times as high than those of Canada, France, and England. Each year more than 1 million U.S. teenagers become pregnant; one in nine aged 15-19 and one in five who are sexually active. How does environmental factors, sex education, etc; lead to ; lead to sexual activity which can cause pregnancy and the spread of sexually transmitted diseases. Female teenagers in 1995 had first sexual intercourse at a younger age than in 1988. Females who have had their first sexual experience before age 15 was at 19% up 8% from 1988. about 35% of first sexual intercourse experience takes place without the use of any contraception mainly because females say their first time is usually spontaneous and unplanned. How does society play a role in sexual behavior? society has developed many sexual customs that vary from culture to culture. Society effects what type of persons interests you what you are accustomed too and whats is sexually proper in your culture. In ancient Greece and medieval Japan men of the warrior class maintained sexual relationships with young teenage boys an act which was allowed by the society. Even though polygamy has its critics those of the Islamic and Mormon religion see no wrong in this act which allows you to have more than one wife. Although not every person may agree on what makes up the proper sexual behavior societies do come together and decide which laws or acts will be upheld. So what influences a female teenager to have sex at a young age? Parental characteristics play a major role in their sexual behavior . Among teenagers whose parents had higher education , a pregnancy after the of 19 and were still together in the household reported lower percents of sexual experience, began sex early and were currently sexually active . male and female teenagers who were behind in school were more likely to be sexually experienced. This tells me that students maybe falling behind because of sexual experience. In 1995, 29%of female teenagers who were sexually active within the past 3 months didnt use any kind of contraception. This is up 9% from 1988. The condom is the commonly chosen form of contraception followed by hormonal contraception. Unprotected sex is very dangerous pregnancy isnt the only consequence an adolescent can face the risk of contracting a sexually transmitted disease is also possible . Three million teens are affected yearly with S.T.Ds. These include chlamidia ( which can cause sterility) syphilis ( which can cause deafness and blindness) Aids ( which can kill both the mother and the infant). There are a lot of problems a teen mother can have. Teen mothers are more likely to drop out of high school than girls who dont become pregnant thus negating a high school diploma. They also will have a lot of problems trying to find jobs because of their lack of education. Teen mothers usually end up being dependent on government programs such as welfare . (National campaign to prevent teen pregnancy). NCPTP found that, the sons of teen mothers are 13% more likely to end up in prison and teen daughters are 22% more likely to become teen mothers themselves. Teens who are uninformed from their parents are more likely to make the wrong choices about sex . Teens need some one to talk to them about sex, pregnancy and contraception. Many parents feel if they dont talk about sex, and pregnancy they will not have to deal with it from there own child . If a teen cant talk to their own parents then who do they turn to? They do what most teens do; they turn to their friends for advice and in most cases there are as clueless as theyre. They fear that their parents will explode in a temper tantrum so they back off. Teenagers need to be informed that there backs are not against the wall and there are options and people to talk to. .ud605e988f0000db88c27c752703cb74d , .ud605e988f0000db88c27c752703cb74d .postImageUrl , .ud605e988f0000db88c27c752703cb74d .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ud605e988f0000db88c27c752703cb74d , .ud605e988f0000db88c27c752703cb74d:hover , .ud605e988f0000db88c27c752703cb74d:visited , .ud605e988f0000db88c27c752703cb74d:active { border:0!important; } .ud605e988f0000db88c27c752703cb74d .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ud605e988f0000db88c27c752703cb74d { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ud605e988f0000db88c27c752703cb74d:active , .ud605e988f0000db88c27c752703cb74d:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ud605e988f0000db88c27c752703cb74d .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ud605e988f0000db88c27c752703cb74d .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ud605e988f0000db88c27c752703cb74d .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ud605e988f0000db88c27c752703cb74d .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ud605e988f0000db88c27c752703cb74d:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ud605e988f0000db88c27c752703cb74d .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ud605e988f0000db88c27c752703cb74d .ud605e988f0000db88c27c752703cb74d-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ud605e988f0000db88c27c752703cb74d:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Pollution and Human Rights: Our fate is in our ha Essay Free hotlines, doctors , counselors, and agencies that can provide them with advice, contraception such as free birth control pills or condoms and its all kept confidential. At what level of schooling should sex education be thought to students. I was thought sex Ed in the fifth grade was it to soon? The point of sexual education in schools is to teach students about contraception, students about contraception, S.T. D.s, and pregnancy. Is teaching students these sex Ed in such at such an early in there life promoting early sex? I think its telling adolescents to yes go ahead and have sex but have it safely. Kids are being presented with all this information and told basically to come to a sensible decision on sexual conduct . whether they do begin sexual intercourse is based on their surroundings and way they ere brought upWords/ Pages : 832 / 24

Society free essay sample

Society (se sii te), n. the uncontrollable urge to take the butterflies out of my dogs mouth. Lets play pretend, shall we? You know, like you did when you were a child. This will be easier than that, though. We wont even need props. If you have an imagination, that will work. If you dont, all the better. Put a baby in the room with you. This is not your child. It is the universal baby. It wont be boring, dont worry. He can talk. Actually, he can hold an intelligent conversation in his little hands and, probably, even eat it. Pick him up and hold him. Now, carry him into the forest that grows just outside the door over there. Set him down in the grass. Or, if it suits you, throw him. This is pretend, remember? Now sit down and watch. The baby just sits there for a moment. We will write a custom essay sample on Society or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page He pulls up some grass and eats it. Boring to watch, isnt it? My point exactly! Walk over to the baby and hit him. Just give him a hard punch on his face. Make him bleed; I dont care. Just make sure you hit him good and hard. Did it? Good! What did he do when you hit him? Thats right, he cried. He is still crying now and probably will continue to unless you do something about it. Go hug him. When you wrap your arms around the child say you love him. Say you will always love him. What is he doing now? He is smiling, he is laughing, he is happy. It seems this child either forgot that you hit him or he forgave you. Tell him you lied. Tell him you never loved him. Now hit him again. Actually, kick him for variety. He is going to cry again but do it anyway. To stop his crying you cant tell him you love him or dare to try and hug him. This child is not a moron and he wont fall for the same trick twice. So, give him some money. Now he is happy again. Play a little game with the baby. He seems to like pulling up grass and eating it. So, tell him for every blade of grass he pulls out and eats, you will give him a dollar. You have taught him the value of money already and he knows that money makes him happy. So, watch this. The baby pulls out every blade of grass in the forest and eats it. Soon there is no more grass and the baby has died of grass poisoning. Sickly ironic, dont you think? Pretend has ended. That little game we just played is called society. Fun, wasnt it? For you it was fun. I have a feeling the baby didnt have such a great time. We are all that baby. If you hit us we cry. If you hug us we smile. Maybe, someday, this baby will grow up!

Working Out Priorities on the Job

Working Out Priorities on the Job Sometimes in the work place our employer's priorities may not be the same as our own. Therefore we must decide which tasks are the most important and need urgent attention. We must also remember that priorities change, and that we may need to reassess them periodically throughout the day. The first thing that we should do is ask for a second opinion if we cannot effectively prioritize the tasks at hand. It is always a good idea to consult with your supervisor if you are unsure as to a pending deadline or if you need clarification as to which task he/she may need to have completed first.Second, you should analyze your work. Start your work day by devising a plan of action. This one step will save you time in the long run. Write down the number of task that you must complete. List them in order of importance.English:

SAT score reports

When should you rush your ACT / SAT score reports SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Both the ACT and the SAT let you rush your score for an extra fee. When is it worth it and when is it a waste of money? What Rushing Involves Both the ACT and SAT offer rushing score reports. This means that if your test is scored already, when you request a rush score, they're sent out within 2 days. Note that rushed reports don't get your tests scored earlier, but the schools do get them faster than all non-rushed reports in every case. The only downside: the cost: which is now about $30 for SATs and $15 for ACTs. Advantage of Rushing Rushing becomes beneficial if speed is ever a question. Suppose just for example's sake that UC Berkeley says the last ACT they'll take is December. If you are taking the December ACT, then rushing may give you an advantage in case there are unforeseen delays. Sometimes even the schools themselves misestimate the arrival time. Likewise, if a school says the last ACT score they'll take is December, but you happen to know you've improved a lot and take the January test (in addition, and not instead!), it's definitely to your advantage to be aggressive and send these reports in anyway rushed. If they won't accept it, they'll just drop the scores big deal. If you rush the reports and they get it in time and consider it, it may be a big plus. And folks, the advantage of rushing time-sensitive scores is real. Here is UVA speaking about this. It is known certain schools, Yale in the past in certain situations, explicitly ask for rushing. Rushing has a real effect for sure! When Not To Rush If timing is not a question at all, then by all means don't rush. For example, the college board says their regular scores can be received up to 6 weeks late. If you have absolutely no deadlines 6 weeks after your score request, then it seems safe to pay for normal reports. Likewise, if a college explicitly tells you not to rush then you should avoid it on the principle of not going against a college request. Don't get me wrong: I have nothing against normal speed. I've always taken my SATs / ACTs months ahead of time and I never rushed my own scores. Let's talk dollars Some people seem to be against rushing because they don't like the concept of the ACT / SAT making money. Parents and students should definitely be aware of the extra costs of rushing. If $30 is a huge deal in your test budget, and you're 90%+ sure normal speed is okay, then by all means don't rush. But if you're reading this article, you might be worried about timing. In this case, the question to ask yourself is this: how much time and energy have you spent on testing? How much time and money will you spend in college? Is the goal here to completely avoid paying for something that might seem overpriced, or is the goal instead to optimize your application paying attention to money? Once you think through the above factors, I think you'll be in a great position to decide whether rushing is for you. What's Next? The college admissions process has become so competitive that it's helpful to plan well in advance for SAT/ACT prep during high school. Here are a few guides to help your thinking: Want to improve your SAT score by 240 points, or your ACT score by 4 points?We've written a guide about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

Effects in Adult Diabetics Participating in Anaerobic Exercise versus Annotated Bibliography

Effects in Adult Diabetics Participating in Anaerobic Exercise versus Strength Training Exercise - Annotated Bibliography Example Anaerobic exercise can use glucose in the absence of air, and this type of exercise results in muscles that develop differently than another exercise. Some examples of anaerobic exercise are spinning, jumping or sprinting (Train with me, 2012). Strength training can also be considered anaerobic when done in high intensity through most strength training programs are of low to moderate intensity and remain aerobic. Strength training exercise is thought to promote strength while developing flexibility (Spaulding, 2012). Strength training is known to help protect the health of bones and decrease and reverse muscle loss. Strength training involves contracting of muscles against a resistant force. Exercises that are considered strength training are push-ups, stair climbing, and weight lifting. The importance of exercise is recognized in diabetic blood glucose control. Each type of exercise burns energy differently, affecting the body’s blood glucose levels. The research will help decide which type of exercise is most beneficial in controlling their glucose levels. Dijk, J. V., Manders, R., Tummers, K., & Bonomi, A. (2012). Both resistance- and endurance-type exercise reduce the prevalence of hyperglycemia in individuals with impaired glucose tolerance and in insulin-treated and non-insulin-treated type-2 diabetic patients. Diabetologia, 55(5), 1273-1282. do: 10.1007/s00125-011-2380-5 The methodology used in this research study was statistics and data analysis. There were 45 participants. 15 were men with IGT and 30 men who were diagnosed with type 2 diabetes. None of the participants had renal failure, liver disease, morbid obesity, hypertension or a history of serious cardiovascular problems. Written consent was obtained from each participant.  Ã‚  

Read 2 steps in the book and study a case then answer questions Essay

Read 2 steps in the book and study a case then answer questions - Essay Example THESIS STATEMENT The assignment intends to give a detailed account of the learning obtained from step 7 and step 8 explained by Kotter and Cohen (30). Subsequently, taking the example of GE’s change leadership strategies practiced by John Welch, the discussion henceforth will aim at identifying the key issues related to the practical implementation of the steps mentioned. DISCUSSION a) Learning and ideas obtained from steps 7 and 8: The most interesting point in the step 7 was observed in relation to the fact that the leaders of large scale do not try to achieve all their determined goals at once. Instead, they make frequent changes until the ultimate vision is obtained successfully through a step-by-step procedure. Additionally, the information revealed by Kotter and Cohen (30) in step 7 that people who attempt to accomplish the goal at once, tend to quit too early, which increases the chances of strategic failure (Kotter and Cohen 30). Correspondingly, step 8 connotes an int eresting view that the tradition is a strong force. This step focuses that the successful changes made within the organization are often very delicate than imagined. The most important learning obtained with reference to this step explained that if the changes are not properly made in the organization, it will result to a great loss for the business, which essentialises nurturing organizational culture (Kotter and Cohen 30). b) Difficulties in the implementation of the steps 7 and 8: During the implementation of the step 7, the major problem that would arise is the proper scheduling of tasks on the basis of priority owing to the influences of multiple factors including resource requirements, barriers as well as complexity. Preparing a well planned schedule may therefore be quite difficult in the implementation of step 7. Again, according to step 8, changes within an organization should be implemented in alliance with the prevailing organization culture, by continuously nurturing new values and principles, which in turn shapes the new culture (Kotter and Cohen 30). However, from a generalized point of view, it can be argued that initially aligning the new vision with the existing culture and steadily cultivating a fresh culture might prove quite time consuming as well as a costlier approach to change implementation. Hence, implementing skillful employee orientation through an emotive motivational approach and simultaneously, avoiding disregard to the existing culture might prove quite challenging and thus, require high quality leadership competencies. c) Discussing how Jack Welch effectively addressed the steps in his management of change at GE with examples: John Welch, after being absorbed as the Corporate Executive Officer (CEO) of GE, strategized a chain of innovations in the business in the technical and the operational dimensions primitively. Welch thus emphasized increase in productivity and continuous

Impact of Gay Marriage on Children Essay Example for Free

Impact of Gay Marriage on Children Essay Take a look at the picture of a gay and a lesbian couple (see Figure 1). Long ago people would have raised their eyebrows and glared at such obvious display of affection between two men and two women. They would have scurried away and cursed them who engaged in activities that compromise morality. They would have felt anger to know that a man would even think of marrying another man or a woman to another woman. But years later, this picture has become normal. Wherever people go, they see gay and lesbian couples. They are everywhere. And the government has also come to accept this phenomenon, although there are still debates whether gay marriage, or same-sex marriage, should be legalized and accepted. Gay marriage has been one of the critical issues still not resolved and still plagued lots of people today. There are debates and protests whether this should be legalized or accepted in the society. Many are strongly against gay marriage because of their various beliefs about marriage itself. On the other hand, many are also for gay marriage because they think that marriage is all about equality and freedom to choose and decide. However, we must look at what gay marriage does to the children, because they are also adversely affected by this. This paper will show that gay marriage (the term will be used interchangeably with same-sex marriage in this paper), has a negative impact on children. In 1989, Denmark granted â€Å"registered partnership† to same-sex couples; Norway, in 1993; Sweden, in 1994; and Iceland, in 1996. Other countries in Europe, such as France, Germany, Finland, the Netherlands and Belgium also did the same (Lee Badgett 2). Meezan and Rauch reported that gay marriage (or same-sex marriage) is a reality in the United States and other parts of the world. They added that for the advocates of same-sex marriage, it is a civil rights issue. For the opponents, it is a matter of morality. Both sides are correct, but most importantly, it is a family-policy issue which has not been regarded with the right amount of attention in the American scene (97). The most important question to be considered is: How will same-sex marriage affect the well-being of children? The statistics showed significant trends. In 2007, Craft reported that in 1976 alone, there were about 300,000 to 500,000 gay and lesbian parents. In Bahamas alone, the number of homosexuals is increasing. Many of these, who keep their homosexuality secret, have positions in companies and in governments. The Rainbow Alliance of The Bahamas showed that gay individuals makes up five percent while bisexuals make up 29 percent of The Bahamas population (see Chart 1). Additionally, there are about eight to 10 million children living in gay and lesbian households. It is estimated that the number of gay and lesbian people who are interested to adopt children is nearly two million. The highest concentration of adopted children living with homosexual parents could be found in California. These children tend to be younger. Gates, Lee Badgett, Chambers and Macomber estimated that there were about 65,000 adopted children living in a gay or lesbian household. Moreover, out of the estimated 3. 1 million gay and lesbian households in U. S. , 1. 6 percent includes an adopted child under the age of 18 (7) (see Table 1). In the Frequently Asked Questions article by The American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) marriage is all about love, commitment, sharing and compromise. It should not be denied to couples just because of their sex; marriage is a personal choice. However, many believed that the purpose of marriage is procreation; producing children is the natural end of marriage (Cline). Since gay marriage is unnatural (it can’t produce children), Cline said that it would violate this very idea. It would undermine marriage because it is a moral institution for promoting and protecting procreation. Although this paper posits that gay marriage has positive impact on children, it is still important to look at both views about the same-sex marriage in order to make light of the things which are significant for the welfare of the children. Impact on Children Why should the children be considered when it comes to same-sex marriage? Children are helpless, according to Kurts. They rely upon adults. They need the society to provide them with institutions that keep them safe from chaos. Additionally, they cannot articulate their needs and cannot even vote. But, they are society. They are the future of the world. These are just some of the reasons why children’s well-being must be supported and encouraged. Baskerville is right in saying that the impact of gay marriage on children wasn’t paid much attention because the focus was on the debate over gay marriage. It is important to recognize the needs of the children because they deserve to grow in an environment where they have two legally recognized parents (Committee on Psychosocial Aspects of Child and Family Health). Their relationship with their parents, the Committee furthered, must be stable and recognized. This must apply to all, whether the parents are of the opposite or of same sex. For those who advocate gay marriage, they said that gay marriage will have positive impact on the children. In an article by Sara Miles, she argued that banning gay marriage will deny children justice since marriage is good for kids. It is true that marriage is good for kids. Most of the literature about marriage would indicate that marriage brings positive outcomes for the children as it provides them with warm, close relationships with their parents. Advocates of gay marriage believe that these reasons must be taken into consideration and let someone marry whoever he wants to marry. Cline reported that those who oppose gay marriage will do anything to keep it from being legalized. However, there will come a time when gay marriage will be legal and recognized. In fact, there were actions taken in other countries to make this possible. With the rise of the issue of gay marriage in America, other areas were also considered, such as adoption of children. Baskerville quoted what Democratic state Sen. Therese Murphy. She believed that almost half of all adopted children in Massachusetts live in households with homosexually-behaving adults. Baskerville added that allowing gay couples to â€Å"have† children, or to give them the right to adopt, is nearly the same as granting them the right to claim the children of a couple. The question here is whether the biological parents will agree to be separated from their children. This is made easy by the government’s initiative to give other people’s children to gay or lesbian couples. The government also has the power to take back the children from their biological parents even though the parents did not do something that would make the government take back the children. This is because the government now had the incentive and the means to take children from their parents with no due process. Baskerville reported that the 1974 Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment Act (CAPTA) gives financial incentives to the states to remove children from their original parents. As a result, CAPTA became instrumental in tearing children away from their parents. Additionally, the federal funds went to the foster-care providers. Even now, there are still children removed from their families despite the fact that foster homes were more abusive than the children’s original families. This problem existed for a long time until the government thought of another program. The government provided another program to solve the problem created by CAPTA, which is the 1997 Adoption and Safe Families Act. It provided more financial assistance to transfer children from foster care to adoption. This expanded the client base of stakeholders who had vested financial interest in available children. Gay marriage, it seemed, made this even worse. Baskerville reported that through having kids adopted by gay couples, the government officials can take advantage of the adoption. These government officials can very well benefit through the funds that are set for the Act. Rekers provided three reasons on why Arkansas has prohibited homosexually-behaving adults from being given license to be foster parents. First: The inherent nature and structure of households with a homosexually-behaving adult uniquely endangers foster children by exposing them to a substantial level of harmful stresses that are over and above usual stress levels in heterosexual foster homes. (Rekers 2) This means that those children entering foster care usually have high incidence of psychological disorder. Rekers explained that if homosexual parents adopted those children, they (the children) are likely to be at risk of psychological harm and maladjustment. This happens when the children are exposed in greater stress brought upon them by the mere presence of a homosexual in a foster home. Moreover, Rekers believed that the children are affected in such a way that they are at risk of depression or psychological disorders (2). Second, Rekers reasoned out the relationships between homosexually-behaving adults tend to be less stable and short-lived, unlike the relationship between a married man and woman. Therefore, this would not be appropriate for children because they will be easily influenced. Furthermore, Rekers believed that suicidal attempt, substance abuse, psychological disorders and breakups happen most often with homosexual partners. Thus, they are incapable of providing a secure and stable home that foster children needed. And if children are to be adopted by these homosexually-behaving adults, it would mean that children will be removed and transfer to another home. Sometimes the transition is traumatic for these children. Third, the household structure of foster-parents consisting of one or more homosexually-behaving members denies children their needs for adjustment that can be found in heterosexual foster homes. Rekers backed this third reason by explaining that unlike heterosexual households, a household with homosexually-behaving adults lack the concrete role of a mother and a father, which is necessary for the growth and development of children. Additionally, homosexual households lack the role of a mother and a father in raising children. Also, the children have no chance to witness a husband/wife relationship, which the society thinks is socially stable and healthier for the children. Rekers said that the children who live with a married man and woman are better adjusted compared to those who live in households with homosexually-behaving adults. Children in foster care must be placed with heterosexual married couple because this will provide them with their needed benefits and leads to better child adjustment. A study presented by Jacobs in her article showed that nearly all 50 studies done on the children of gay and lesbian couples (between six and 14 million in the United States) showed no significant difference between children raised by heterosexual or homosexual couples. However, those who oppose gay marriage argued that most of the studies done were small, there were methodological flaws, and mostly were politically biased. Jacobs reported a study which showed that there’s no significant difference whether a child is raised by a gay or lesbian parents. In short, a child with gay or lesbian parents does not necessarily make him different from his peers. However, Jacobs presented some interesting findings from other researches regarding these differences. She mentioned that in 2001, Judith Stacey, a sociologist, and her colleague, Timothy Biblarz, found out that there are, in fact, some differences. They said that although gay and lesbian parenting is not harmful for children, those who have gay parents differ in some ways from those who have heterosexual parents. For instance, a study headed by Susan Golombok concluded that having homosexual parents does not encourage their children to become homosexuals. However, the daughters of lesbians were more open to the idea of being attracted to the same gender than the daughters of heterosexual mothers. Another finding was that out of the 25 children of lesbians, six of them had had relationship with someone of the same gender. The 21 children of heterosexual mothers did not have a relationship with the same gender. Kurts countered that gays have special case because the difficulties and challenges they experience are not from â€Å"discrimination† of marriage. The challenges and difficulties are due to the problem of sexual difference. He added that marriage is just a consolation for the challenges that are usual in situations faced by gays. Although gays are much tolerated in the United States, using marriage for the wrong purpose will not change the situations of gays. Instead, it will be the end of marriage, and the protection it provides for the children who are helpless. Gay marriage will also have an effect on heterosexual marriage. Supporting gay marriage, according to Gallagher (qtd. in Darby), would mean that the courts will not fully support the views of those who advocate heterosexual marriage. Moreover, if heterosexual marriage is confirmed as a special institution that must be protected and upheld, the number of fatherless children will decrease. Heterosexual marriage will prevent the incidences of children born outside marriage. Kotulski (qtd. in Darby) contradicted this by saying that there will still be fatherless children. There will be factors that would continue to break families, such as poverty and violence. Other Effects Pawelski et. al have noted some other effects of same-sex marriage to children. These effects, as noted, were experienced at different levels. In the psychosocial level, gay and lesbian individuals usually undergo peer rejection, harassment, depression or isolation. In fact, Pawelski et. al reported that almost half (47%) of gay and lesbian teens have thought about committing suicide while 36% actually attempted. Oftentimes, these individuals experience rejection from their loved ones, maltreatment in schools, homelessness, and violence. As adults, they experience discrimination, marginalization and violence. Various debates over the issue of same-sex marriage intensified the unstable environment for the homosexuals in the society. Lack of support and acceptance for them and their children will have effects on their physical and psychosocial health and safety. The children of gay or lesbian couples may, in the same way, experience marginalization and discrimination by those who do not approve of gay or lesbian parenting. More often, these children do not know how or where to find support. Even alliances in schools that admit straight gays can make the situation worse. Pawelski et. al reported that children are brought into long-term partnerships with gay and lesbian parents through surrogacy, adoption and alternative insemination. Their study also delved into the attitudes and behavior, personality and adjustment of parents when it comes to parenting. The authors found out that there were only few differences recorded regarding the comparison between lesbian and heterosexual mothers’ psychological adjustment, self-esteem and attitudes about child rearing. Lesbian mothers, the study showed, passed the psychological assessments and interviews. Furthermore, the study showed that the attitudes of lesbian mothers did not differ much from those of heterosexual mothers. In the same way, gay fathers did not differ much from nongay fathers. In fact, there are more similarities than differences. However, there is concern over the effect of the parent’s sexual orientation on the children because this might lead to embarrassment and thus keep the children from interacting with their peers. It was found out that the children of divorced lesbian mothers experienced more teasing from peers during childhood than the children of divorced heterosexual mothers. It is of interest that Pawelski et. al mentioned that the children who grew up with gay or lesbian parents were more tolerant of diversity and more nurturing than those children with heterosexual parents. Pawelski et. al mentioned another study which showed that children of heterosexual parents considered themselves more aggressive. Their parents and teachers regarded them as more domineering, bossy and negative. On the other hand, the children of lesbian parents considered themselves as more lovable. Their parents and teachers regarded them as more responsive, affectionate and protective of other younger children. Another study showed that the self-esteem, aggressiveness and sociability of children with lesbian parents and those with heterosexual parents have similarities. There were also studies conducted which showed that children of lesbian parents who were satisfied with their relationships have fewer behavioral problems and were better adjusted. There was also a study by the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health wherein the population consisted of 12105 adolescents in the United States. The authors found out that 44 adolescents, ranging from 12 to 18 years old, who were living with two women, were similar to others who have heterosexual parents when it comes to measures of anxiety, depression, self-esteem and school success. There were also similarities regarding family relationships, care from others, neighborhood integration, regardless of whether the children come from opposite-gender or same-gender families (Pawelski et. al). Since the legalization of same-sex marriage in Massachusetts back in 2004, researches today showed that it may have positive impact in strengthening the ties between couples, their children and extended families. It is interesting to note, however, that a large number of young people in America seemed to support gay and lesbian issues. Olander, Kirby and Schmitt mentioned a survey done by the Council for Excellence in Government (CEG) and CIRCLE which asked young people from 15 to 25 years old their perspective about the rights of homosexuals. The survey found out that youths supported gay and lesbian issues such as protection in housing, employment and hate crime, legal partnerships or civic unions and the ability to adopt children (2). There are others who view gay marriage on a positive note. Carpenter believed that gay marriage helps children. He said that gay parenting nowadays is very common in the United States, and that there are children in every gay and lesbian household. He did not seem to agree that children are better raised by a married man and woman. He furthered that gay marriage will not take away children from their biological parents. Although there is no reported shortage of children, the number of married couples is not enough to raise these children. And this is the reason why singles and unmarried couples are allowed sub-optimal parenting. Carpenter thought that this arrangement is better than foster care where the effects on children are unfavorable. Brinkmann countered Carpenter’s views. She believed that if a child is exposed to both sexes in a household, it will have positive effects on his developmental needs. She explained that this aids them in forming their sexual identity. Since the breakdown of marriage in the country had negative effects especially on children, it must be considered that a heterosexual marriage will provide the children stability with regards to family relationships. Brinkmann furthered that without heterosexual marriage, the society will disintegrate. Times have changed and more changes will manifest in the future. Amidst these changes, the welfare of children who are affected by gay marriage must be the utmost consideration. This means that supporting heterosexual marriage will be beneficial for these children. The government and families must make sure that every step of the way, these children will be encouraged and supported. Their needs must be met in order for them to grow as responsible citizens in our society.

Will Our State Fish Survive? :: essays research papers fc

Will Our State Fish Survive? The Rio Grande cutthroat trout, the state fish of New Mexico, is a threatened species that needs more attention from the citizens and politicians of New Mexico if we want to see it survive and flourish in its natural environment. The Rio Grande cutthroat was placed on the U.S. Government Federal list of threatened species in 1973, but was never listed on the endangered species list (American Fisheries Society 1988). Maybe it should be placed on the Federal Endangered Species list, since it only inhabits less than ten percent of its native range and can only survive well in headwater streams that do not contain any other fish species (Neary 1999). Environmental groups are filing lawsuits against the federal and state government to get the cutthroat on the Federal Endangered Species List. The state government refuses to put it on because they feel that the problems with population, hybridization, and diminishing habitat can be solved without putting it on the endangered species list. I f the government decided to put the cutthroat on the endangered species list, they would be forced to create a recovery plan and designate a â€Å"critical habitat† (Neary 1999). The government is reluctant since it will cost them a huge amount of money, time, and labor. The government claims they have been taking steps to preserve the â€Å"threatened† cutthroat, which is indeed true. Yet, the results are not outstanding. If their methods were working, the cutthroat would have been taken off the threatened list years ago. Why is it so important to protect this fish? As native New Mexicans, we need to take interest in our state fish and help protect it. If this species were to become extinct it would be a tragic loss. Our state fish is in danger of vanishing from the world forever. Doesn’t that say something about the way we have treated our resources? The Department of Game and Fish doesn’t seem to think so. The extinction of the cutthroat would disrupt the ecosystem because they would no longer feed on the native plants, flies, and worms. Anytime an animal is taken away from an ecosystem it has effects on the surrounding area and the creatures that live within it. For example, if you kill every coyote in the state of New Mexico the population of jackrabbits would climb to a record high because they have no predators.

Hasidism

Heschel and Hasidic Judaism Glenn Dynner Abraham Joshua Heschel glorifies Eastern European rabbinic culture as an advanced, pious sect of Judaism, offering equality to men and women, an easily comprehensible and fair hierarchy of religious power, purity of mind and spirit, and a straightforward and simple path to heaven. Heschel; American rabbi, and leading Jewish theologian and philosopher, describes Hasidic Judaism as a near perfect religious society.Heschel references many Jewish ideologies that assist in proving the superiority of Hasidic Judaism to various other religions; including dissimilar sects of Judaism. Though Heschel's argument is strong and he makes many valid points supporting the superiority of the Hasidim, such as the increased vivacity of Jewish life, there exists numerous instances in which he glosses over an ugly, hidden reality of Hasidic life in order to produce a more pristine picture of Hasidic existence.What Heschel fails to mention in his essay, are the num erous power struggles endured by Hasidic leaders, false claims of messianic power, clear evidence of sexism, and an institution that includes an obscure hierarchy that imparts confusion and uncertainty to both leaders of Hasidism and followers alike. Scholars; Jacob Frank, Baal Shem Tov and Solomon Maimon offer new insight, and dissimilar views on the merits of Hasidism in Eastern European culture.Like the distinguished Christian reformists known as the Puritans; the Jewish sect of Hasidism transpired from the dissatisfaction of a small minority who sought to improve the individual's religious experience by assuming more stringent methods of observations and religious rituals and practices. Eighteenth century Poland served as the venue for this particular religious revitalization. The Hasid recognized strict, relatively inflexible practices that focused even the most mundane, routine chore around the worship of the Jewish God. Hasidism; the plural of Hasid derives from the verb â₠¬Å"Hasid† meaning pious or evote. Unlike previous sect of Judaism who's followers worshipped God only in the vicinity of a temple on Friday nights, the Hasid show devotion to God through everyday actions and practices. In his essay; East European Jews In Two Worlds: Studies From the Yivo Annual, Heschel depicts how the Hasid revitalize Judaism through the democratization of Jewish study and worship, a renewed sense of proximity to deity, the introduction of God into everyday activity, a consciousness of the significance of personal actions, and a new sense of self importance and personal responsibility to God.Hasidic Judaism appeals mainly to Jews who feel the conventional form of religious worship and study has become stale and unsentimental. Many of the Hasid grew to resent the tired hierarchal religious structure found in Jewish communities. Hasidism was able to provide the discontent with a renewed feeling of individual significance and proximity to God. The Hasid succeede d in democratizing the study and worship of God, expelling the tired patriarchal rule of worship, and re-instating an egalitarianism society in which each individual experienced a personal relationship with God.In his eulogy on Jewish life in Eastern Europe, Abraham Joshua Heschel discusses the numerous developments made by Rashi, and the Hasid who's ambition it was to revitalize Jewish religious, and everyday life. By combining both everyday chores, and religious worship, the Hasid were able to establish a way of life that was constantly illuminated by God's love and glory. Heschel comments on the infusion of religious piety into everyday life. He explains how worship and religious studies evolved from mundane weekly choirs, to an outlet in which life maintained vigor and meaning. The pattern of life was not limited to religious activities. Not only what is to be done on the Sabbath, but also what is to be done in the course of the week, has a definite form. The pattern of prescrib es the kinds of food to be eaten on certain days, the manner of putting on and off the shoes, the deportment in the street. † (Heschel, 6). This renewed sense of proximity to deity made Jewish worship much more than a weekly, mechanized due to be paid to God. Heschel explains how Hasidic Judaism re-energized Jewish spirituality and conviction. Hassidim†, he explains, â€Å"brought down heaven upon the earth. They (The Hasid) banished melancholy from the soul and uncovered the great fortune of being a Jew. Jewishness meant rebirth. † (Heschel, 13). Worship was no longer realized through a step-by-step, formal document; worship was realized with each beat of the believer's heart. The Sabbath, like worship, was no longer confined by days of the week, nor by the walls of the synagogue. Hasidism introduced a new phase of modernity and democratization into the Jewish religion.Knowledge became a right of the male masses; wealth no longer determined who had the privilege to study the Torah. Heschel describes this transformation in his eulogy on Jewish life in Eastern Europe; â€Å"Scholarship†, he says, â€Å"ceased to be the monopoly of the few, and became widely disseminated. † (Heschel, 7). Hasidic Judaism breathed into the religion a new consciousness of the significance that individual deeds and actions had not only on the self, but also the general well being of the Jewish population.The common folk developed a more refined awareness of the actions and beliefs necessary to adapt in order to restore Judaism to its formal glory. For the Hasidim the Kabbalah reinforced a new awareness of their individual deeds, it could even make â€Å"every Jew believe himself somewhat of a Messiah†. (Heschel, 13). Every Jew had the opportunity to find happiness and fulfillment through faith and study. This mentality produced a new sense of self-importance and responsibility to God. Man was born with one mission; to prefect the world by rese mbling the scattered Sparks of Holiness in the world.Heschel describes the charge each individual Hassidim hopes to assist; â€Å"The send of man's life†, he says, â€Å"lies in his perfecting the world. He has to distinguish, gather, and redeem the Sparks of Holiness scattered throughout the darkness of the world. † (Heschel, 13). Life for the Hasidim was a mission that God entrusted to each individual. Solomon Maimon; Jewish scholar of the Talmud, and tutor of the young, disputes that Hasidism democratized scholarship. Maimon goes so far as to call religious teachers â€Å"tyrants†.Maimon’s description of these oppressive teachers discredits Heschel’s claim that the Hasid provided religious tolerance and acceptance. Maimon continues to describe an environment that did not provide religious stimulation, but instead suppressed individual thought and progress. Along with the many changes of the fifteenth century, Gutenberg’s printing press wa s instrumental in spreading Hasidism. This new technology allowed for the spread the Hasid’s literature, captivating new audiences, wherever they spread.Hasidic Judaism has not gone without it's fair share of dispute and controversy; often from leaders of exterior Judaic sects. Of these disputes, three men; Baal Shem Tov, Sabbatai Sevi, and Jacob Frank, have been most instrumental in challenging the legitimacy of Hasidism. Jacob Frank; a self-declared messiah and well-known religious authority, is often considered to be the founder of the â€Å"anti- Talmudists†. He rejects the Talmud in recognition of the â€Å"Zohar†, a doctrine that allowed Christianity and Judaism to coexist side-by-side.Frank encouraged his followers to seek out â€Å"heretics† and expose them as enemies of the Zohar. Though Frank was able to fuse Christianity and Judaism by referring to himself as an embodiment of one of the three Christian divinities, his teachings and beliefs were far from perfect. Though traditional Jewry was far from perfect, it is unclear whether any of Frank’s so called â€Å"improvements†, were beneficial to the Judaism. Jacob Frank spread his religion by taking advantage of the curiosity Jews had about the Christian sect.Through his work, Frank was able to create a bridge connecting the old religion with the new. Though his followers were looking for a revived, democratic religion that valued truth, and certainty, what many Frankists found were a series of confusing, somewhat irrational claims against the Talmud and the Torah. Frankism was simply to radical, to be accepted by the masses without significant criticism. When many of these dishearten Jews scrutinized Frankism, they found further confusion, bizarre insinuations, and ultimately a man whose main goal was self-proclaimed fame.In hindsight, Frank appears to have little attachment to Judaism, many, myself included, believe that he used Judaism to promote his own re putation and wealth. At the peak of his popularity, Frank was imprisoned and chooses to convert to Christianity, rather then remain loyal to his own teachings. Frankism immediately lost the majority of its followers, many receding to their initial religion. Another Messianic movement, Sabbateanism, founded by Sabbatai Sevi, another self-proclaimed messiah, emerged in the year 1665. Sabbateanism, like Frankish called for a revitalization of Judaic-religio spirit.Sabbateanist claimed that Messianic times had/ become and persuaded followers to disregard the commandments explained in the Torah; calling them unnecessary, and pre-messianic. Sabbateanist engaged in â€Å"sinful† behavior such as polygamy and breaking the Sabbath in order to prove that messianic times had come. These activities general leant to increases upheaval and unrest. Temptations such as these disprove that Heschel's belief that Hasidic Judaism is indeed a perfect institution. It is arguable that it was the di scontentment of the Hasid that allowed these different sects of Judaism to arise.Bal Shem Tov; the alleged founder of Hasidic Judaism, warns against the human tendency to doubt and question, The Baal Shem Tov cautioned the Hasidim: â€Å"Every time you experience a worry or doubt about how God is running the world- that's Amalek launching an attack against your soul. We must wipe Amalek out of our hearts whenever- and whenever- he attacks so that we cannot serve God with complete joy. † The Bal Shem Tov's warning suggests that the Hasidic Judaic community has within its people those whose belief is not entirely inflexible.Religious phenomenons such as these disprove Heschel belief in this type of peaceful religious community. In his writings, Heschel’s teachings lend to the impression that the Jewish Rabbinic hierarchy found in Jewish communities was dignified, distinguished and without flaw. This hierarchy; often referred to as the â€Å"Kahal†, is far from per fect. A diagram showing the hierarchy of the Judaic powers demonstrates that a Rabbi’s power was only authentic in his own jurisdiction (the Jewish community), and that local powers in the government could easily censure or nullify any of the Rabbi’s decrees.The Kahal demonstrates that while the Rabbi’s possessed some power, most of it was symbolic, and susceptible to Gentile rule. Though Hasidism did enjoy mass popularization and followings, the religion itself is far from perfection. Like most religious facts, the Hasid experience significant doubt, internal struggle, religious hypocrisy, and many other imperfections that keep Hasidism from reaching any kind of perfection. Though these faults did exist, Hasidism is undoubtedly accredited with the revitalization of Judaism faith and spirituality.

Pre-Spanish Philippines

Philippine literature in Spanish Period. Spanish occupied Philippinesin early 15th  century. The First Filipino alphabet is Alibata – when Spanish colonized Philippinesthey changed alibatas into Roman alphabet. Spanish banned the used of Alibata because they believed that it is a work of evil. So Spanish fully introduced the Spanish literary language using many Spanish terms. The European literature was brought by the Spaniards and are assimilated in Filipino song and indigeneous themes.The early printing press in the Philippine is run and monopolized by the Spaniards friars. Spanish colonial period literary genres consist of Pasyon Cenaculo Tibag Carillo – shadow play Political essay Comedia Zarzuela Spanish revolutionary Papers El Heraldo de la revolusion La Republica Filipina La independencia La libertad La revolution During Spanish colonization Filipinos felt that they being harrashed by the Spaniards.Then the Birth of the Propaganda movement and la Solidaridad. T hen Filipino fought and introduce tagalong to be the language of revolution of the nationalist movement. Filipino Spanish literature Pedro Bukakeng – Lam ang Tomas Pinpin ( librong pa aaralan ng mga tagalong ng wikang kastilla ,1610 Gaspar Aquino de Belen   – Ang mahal na pasyon ni Jesus, Christong panginoon natin 1704 Pedro Paterno – Sampaguita, Ninay Dr.Jose Rizal – Noli me Tangere, El Filibusterismo, Mi Ultimo Adios Marcelo Del Pilar – Pag ibig sa tinubuang Lupa, Dasalan at tocsohan, kaiingat kayo Graciano Lopez Jaena – Fray Botod Franscico Baltazar – Florante at Laura Fr. Modesto de Castro – Urbanaat Feliza Emilio Jacinto – Liwanag sa Dilim Jose Palma – Himmo Nacional Filipino, De mi jardin Jose De la Cruz – Ibong Adarna Magdalena Jalandoni – Ang guitara, si Anabella, Ang mga tunok sang isa ka bulak

American Well Essays

American Well Essays American Well Essay American Well Essay Should American Well go ahead with its core product online care? Explain Why it should or should not. If yes, then how should it do it? American Well should go ahead with its core product Online Care because of the following reasons: a. Technology is one of the strengths they have harnessed in implementing Online Care and this can further serve to block competition in the future b. They had the first mover advantage and progress In this segment with maximum customer satisfaction will provide American Well the opportunity to become the definitive leader In Online Care c. No age investment or hiring of resources will be required to continue the operations d. If they fail in this venture (their first and core product) none of their extensions would then have a potential to capture the market e. They had good financial support of many sophisticated and angel investors f. Managerial expertise of both Did and Roy in handling this sector and their previous track record in this area Is an advantage which they can leverage while marketing this product g. Market demand of such a product was huge as according to a survey of 2006, 74% of the respondents wanted such a service h. Value proposed to all the players with this service created a win-win situation for all and hence growth in this segment was inevitable. Health insurance companies could save $3. 36 per patient per month (Exhibit 9) and patients too could exercise choice and convenience According to Exhibit 1 1 (selected cities also shown above), Boston, Los Angels and Washington DC has the highest average time new patients Walt for appointment with family practice physicians (62, 58, 30 days respectively). This Is a great opportunity for American Well to transfer this segment of people who still go for family practitioners to online health care segment by helping them to utilize their time efficiently and cater to their health needs immediately. Hence, National Roll-out Plan of its core product by starting off with these cities will be a great plan to progress in its core product and emerge as a leader In the near future. Should American well go ahead with Team Edition? Explain why or why it shouldnt. If yes, then how should it go about implementing the additional service? Based on our analysis, we feel Team Edition is the natural extension of the existing services of American Well. The service involves moving ahead the typical PC and patient interaction over internet and Involving the specialist in the online space as well without any additional costs. This key feature has the capability to serve as a differentiator for American Well as the market competition in the online healthcare space is high and hence differentiation is of utmost importance. For American Well, offering Team Edition is a good value proposition as it allows the company to add an additional service in its offerings at no substantial additional costs (the technology platform developed for the core service can be modified to include Team Edition as Furthermore, issues pertaining to acceptance are negligible as customers are already well versed with the technology platform and comfortable with the same For its core customer segment of health insurance companies, the add on feature is highly beneficial major because of two reasons: First, additional cost savings for the companies would be substantial due to early detection of certain medical problems hereby reducing coverage for patients (as patients can immediately take the opinion of the specialists, it results in early detection and thereby reduces long term insurance coverage) Second, having Team Edition as an additional option for their insurance packages would place them as a much more attractive option f or Employer groups/multinational corporations and institutions as the range of services offered are broader But, we have also observed that its core product has not adequately achieved the desired market penetration and there is a lot of room for the core revere to grow (see exhibit 2 below). Although, American Well has taken steps to improve the situation by striking deals with more health insurance companies to further promote and create acceptance of their online care service. Hence, American Well should definitely consider launching Team Edition but it should only do so after it has adequately catered to the demand for its core product in cities where patient waiting times for Pops are high. Cities such as Boston, Los Angels and Washington DC) The company should then subsequently go for an aggressive launch of Team Edition in cities such as Miami (see exhibit 1 and 2) where the patient waiting times for specialists are high and the demand for its core product has been satisfied. Doing so, the company can capitalize on its add-on service and gain additional profits as in such markets, the feature will serve as a key differentiator. Based on the above data, we can conclude that for cities such as Miami, Seattle, Portland, Dallas and Philadelphia, Team Edition can be launched as the average patient waiting times for APP or Pops is much lower as compared to other cities Should American Well go ahead with the new customer segment? Explain Why and How? The new customer segment for American Well consists of hospital, health clinic, pharmacy. For Hospital Opportunities Out of the 5500 hospitals (where total expenditure in 2008 was $718. 4 billion, which is approximately 30. 72% of the total expenditure), 5000 hospitals are already service enabling interaction between health care provider with physicians as well as sharing medical data). Also Relay Health ,another competitor of AM already working with 50 Hospitals Similarly, Cisco Teleconferences collaborated with 600,000 physicians (which are approximately 60. 60% of the total physicians in U. S. ) through these hospitals. Another competitor Mediation already tapped 28,000 physicians for providing their service Recommendation Since very less opportunity is left for AM (8. 18% of the whole market) to penetrate into hospital market. So they should not focus on hospital segment. Retail clinics opportunities: Retail clinic is consisting of 147,000 nursing practitioners. Also from exhibit 2, it is evident that approximately 24% ($561. Billion) of the total expenditure is spent on Physicians, clinical, and other professional services There is no competitor present in the market Since retail clinic is untapped market, so there is a good market opportunity for American Well to cater. American Well can add value to patients to get a second opinion in retail clinic immediately with a physician online if they wish or if the NP is not able to address patients issue Since Nurse practitioners are highest level clinical staff at retail clinic, offering accesses to physicians would boost the perception of astigmatic of the clinic Pharmacy opportunities: From exhibit 2, pharmacy expenditure consists of approximately 10% ($234. 1 billion) of the total expenditure in 2008. So we can conclude that pharmacy market has got huge potential. No competitor is yet present in this segment. American Well could target the pharmacy market. It can provide pharmacists the facility to interact with patients online and answer queries of the patients regarding the drugs. Since, it is again an untapped market, which has huge potential; American Well could play a leading role and get benefit out of the service. Should American Well go international? Explain on why it should do so and how decision on going international Pros Customers in Australia, Germany and United Kingdom are interested in availing their services Exposure to international markets and recognition worldwide Cons It will require extensive changes in the American Wells Organizational structure It may require them to customize their product based on the needs, governing policies and regulations of different countries There is risk involved in diverting resources room the current market in which they are not fully developed to new international markets which will need substantial investments Based on the pros and cons associated with the decision, best course of action would be in the following order: Nationwide roll-out of Online Care: After an analysis of the data provided for the waiting time of the patients to meet their physicians in various cities of US, we have concluded that the services should be rolled out in cities like Boston, Los Angels and Washington D . C where the wait time is relatively high and hence it would help capture a larger market share Launch of Team Edition in established markets: Given the data regarding the waiting time of the patients to meet specialists, rolling out Team Edition in cities such as Miami where the companys services are well established would be a competitive advantage for American Well Launch products in International markets: To expand internationally American well need to completely re-organize the company structure and enter into partnerships with different companies in different countries. It will be possible only after company establishes itself as market leader in home market first

Pierre Curie - Biography and Achievements

Pierre Curie - Biography and Achievements Pierre Curie was a French physicist, physical chemist, and Nobel laureate. Most people are familiar with his wifes accomplishments (Marie Curie), yet dont realize the importance of Pierres work. He pioneered scientific research in the fields of magnetism, radioactivity, piezoelectricity, and crystallography. Heres a brief biography of this famous scientist and a list of his most notable achievements. Birth: May 15, 1859 in Paris, France, son of Eugene Curie and Sophie-Claire Depouilly Curie Death: April 19, 1906 in Paris, France in a street accident. Pierre was crossing a street in the rain, slipped, and fell under a horse-drawn cart. He died instantly from a skull fracture when a wheel ran over his head. It is said Pierre tended to be absent-minded and unaware of his surroundings when he was thinking. Claim to Fame: Pierre Curie and his wife  Marie  shared half the 1903 Nobel Prize in Physics with Henri Becquerel for their research into radiation.Pierre also received the Davy Medal in 1903. He was awarded the Matteucci Medal in 1904 and the Elliot Cresson Medal in 1909 (posthumously).Pierre and Marie also discovered the elements  radium  and  polonium.He also co-discovered the piezoelectric effect with his brother Jacques. The piezoelectric effect is where compressed crystals give off an electric field. In addition, Pierre and Jacques found crystals could deform when subjected to an electrical field. They invented the Piezoelectric Quartz Electrometer to aid in their investigations.Pierre developed a scientific instrument called the Curie Scale so that he might take accurate data.For his doctoral research, Pierre examined magnetism. He formulated a description of the relationship between temperature and magnetism that became known as Curies law, which uses a constant known as the Curie constant. He found there was a critical temperature above which ferromagnetic materials lose their behavior. That transition temperature is known as the Curie point. Pierres magnetism research is considered among his greatest contributions to science. Pierre Curie was a brilliant physicist. He is considered one of the founders of the field of modern physics.Pierre proposed the Curie Dissymmetry Principle, which states that a physical effect cannot have dissymmetry separate from its cause.The element curium, atomic number 96, is named in honor of Pierre and Marie Curie.Pierre and his student were the first to discover nuclear energy from heat emitted by radium. He observed radioactive particles might carry a positive, negative, or neutral charge. More Facts About Pierre Curie Pierres father, a doctor, provided his early education. Pierre earned a math degree at age 16 and had completed the requirements for a higher degree by age 18. He could not immediately afford to pursue his doctorate, so he worked as a lab instructor.Pierres friend, physicist Jozef Wierusz-Kowalski, introduced him to Marie Sklodowska. Marie became Pierres lab assistant and student. The first time Pierre proposed to Marie, she refused him, eventually agreeing to marry him on July 26, 1895.Pierre and Marie were the first to use the word radioactivity. A unit used to measure radioactivity, the Curie, is named in honor of either Marie or Pierre or both of them (a point of argument among historians).Pierre was interested in the paranormal, as he believed it might help him understand physics better and especially magnetism. He read books on spiritualism and attended seances, viewing them as scientific experiments. He took careful notes and measurements, concluding some phenomena he witnesse d did not appear to be faked and could not be explained. Pierre and Maries daughter Irene and son-in-law Frederic Joliot-Curie were physicists who studied radioactivity and also received Nobel prizes. The other daughter, Eve, was the only member of the family who was not a physicist. Eve wrote a biography about her mother, Marie. Pierre and Maries granddaughter Helene is a nuclear physics professor and grandson Pierre is a biochemist. Their parents were Irene and Frederic Joliot-Curie.  Pierre Joliot is named for Pierre Curie.

The Importance of Using Social Media in Business Research Paper

The Importance of Using Social Media in Business - Research Paper Example   Through social media, businesses are able to establish and use social marketing as a tool to expand. Social marketing is one of the key factors for making a business successful in terms of sales by increasing the market range. For marketing to become a success in social media by the use of social marketing, businesses must set up hierarchies that prove effective in marketing the business. At the bottom of the hierarchy, pyramid is blogging. It is a known fact that the internet has revolutionized the world. Using this view, it has been observed that blogging has seen to revolutionize the internet world. Blogs are online diaries, which help the business people reach their potential customers. Through blogs, businesspersons are able to air views to their customers and, using them as online dialogue, receive feedback. Through blogs, businesses are able to monitor the progress of their businesses and hence they are able to effectively market their business. From blogs, businesses are also able to make the necessary adjustments so as to achieve success through factors such as increased sales, which result in a higher profit margin in the business. Blogging comes as an aid in building customer loyalty. This is in the sense that a businessperson is able to keep his or her customers engaged with your business by keeping customers apprised of new products in the business and fluctuation of prices. New services in the business are also known to the customers through blogs due to their accessibility (Debono, 2012).

Marriage and Dating Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Marriage and Dating - Essay Example Was it a consequence of parents not being concerned in choosing the one their children should date or marry Or was it for the reason that parents are so strained in choosing the partner/suitor for their child There are numerous cultures where the parents are implicated in choosing whom their children should rendezvous or who to marry. These are widespread scenarios as to traditionalists. There are some matters involved as to the reason of such conduct of parents such as cultural variety or religious wisdom but also occurrence to broken homes and just pure concern to their children. The optimistic side as to parents deciding the one you date or the one you should wed are the for the subsequent motives: your parents only fancy the finest for you; they want somebody that is maybe for them is more fine looking or presentable, reputable or for other basis; they would want a spouse that would best suite you as to ethnicity, monetary status or even political status; the affluence of the family will not be shared to of those they consider that are lesser than yours but ought to be equivalent or superior than you have is a must; or they want to follow cultural norms; or merely they believe that the person they would like would mesh well with you than the one you opt. The downside of this is how about what you would like Almost certainly being with the person they chose would be agony on your part because of indifferences as to fondness, cultures, compatibility issues and the like which may lead to unproductiveness of the connection or even break up, heart ache and eventually separation. Family sociologists have shaped a variety of theories to make clear cultural and tribal disparity in marriage. Financial resources, partner-selection course, and culture are the center notion for the most widespread of these enlightenments. Both premise and experiential scrutiny suggest that larger economic possessions allow marriage and can amplify the motivations for marriage, particularly for men (Becker, 1991; Oppenheimer, Kalmijn, and Lim, 1997; Landale and Tolnay, 1991). When we sight the whole range of history and at hand human societies matrimony can be portrayed as a ethnically accepted relationships or a amalgamation of one man and one woman that is monogamy, of one man and two or more woman which is polyandry, there is cultural support of sexual contact amid the wedded partners of the conflicting and, generally, the anticipation that children will be bear of the affiliation (International Encyclopedia of the Social Sciences, 1977). To get the endorsement of the society it is essential that the unification be formed and documented in agreement with the understood mores and taboos, as in customary societies, or in agreement with standard laws, as in more urbane societies (Westermark, 1977). The tradition of marriage differs in a variety of parts of the globe and every civilization produces a marriage prototype suitable to itself (Ludlow, 1965). For Asian cultures it is ordinary to them that the parents would concur to each other that their brood should end up collectively. Maybe for the grounds of the following: keeping their affluence within the family, not allowing other backgrounds to mix with their culture, their child's hand for matrimony for trade

SOX Section 404 Consulting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

SOX Section 404 Consulting - Essay Example Section 404 is the key aspect of SOX; it  highly  demands the external auditors and management of a company to  emphasis  on reporting of financial statements. This  process  turns out to be the most  costly  processes among all requirements laid down by the  legislation  for companies. This is because testing and documenting of paramount automated and  manual  final  financial statements is highly sensitive. Under this section, the Act requires  management  to  avail  an â€Å"internal control  report† together with annual Exchange Act report. The report encompasses the  role  of  management  in putting down the  procedure  and procedures of the internal control system. This is because their  efficiency  dictates the  adequacy  of the financial statements (Ramos, 2008, p 23). This section contains an  assessment  of the company after the financial year, including the  establishment  and maintenance of the control system. The  section  also includes the  level  of  effectiveness  of the control system is reporting the audit scope. The management has to adopt the internal control systems described in international auditing standards. In reference to Apollo Shoes Company, the cost elevation, guidance, and  practice  is taking place. There is a  compilation  of approvals made by the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board. All this activities ensure there is a fair representation of the shareholders by the management. Significant regulations and guidelines regarding audits of internal control It is  evident  that the internal controls of Apollo Shoes are above average. As a result, there are few recommendations needed to meet the set standards. The company should ensure that all employees  respect  the internal controls in order to meet the set standards. It is  noticeable  that many employees hardly  follow  the set  procedure  to  secure  the asse ts of the company. We also  propose  that the relationship between the internal auditors and  management  is not  healthy; therefore, the audit committee should have a sitting to  resolve  this arising issue. Through this,  company  is going to  enhance  auditors’ independence (Ramos, 2008, p. 23). Risks identified within the company In Apollo Shoes Company, there are few areas open to  risk. This is a result of negligence on the employees. After a detailed evaluation of the company, it is  evident  that Apollo Shoes is a company that has identified itself in terms of quality control systems. This is a  complement  that goes to the internal auditors. However, there are gaps which may lead to material misrepresentation in the financial statements. One of the key areas is the procedure followed in completing a transaction. For a company to  prevent  Ã¢â‚¬Å"ghost transactions,† there should be many signatories between initiation and comp letion of a transaction. An  ideal  example  is when a potential buyer places an order; the party receiving the  notice  should be different from that processing the  order. The party processing the  order  should be different from the party arranging the  dispatch, and  lastly  the  party  delivering  goods  should be different from the other parties. In reference to the audit report,  confidential  accounts have a weak security  system. The system is using out of date technology, and this may lead to unhealthy competition. The company should adopt new technology to enhance secrecy, and  protection  of ideas. Examples of these technologies include biometric security systems, and the  recent  business  solution such as the SAP models. These solutions make use of integrated IT  knowledge  that is free from hacking and other mal-handling. Other areas that  need  concentration are  stock  counting, depreciation and  appreciati on  calculation, and  basis  behind activities such as bonuses, retirement pension, writing off bad-debts, and disposal of assets, among others. Internal controls and the  audit  process Internal controls determine the

Development of Management Programme for Nurses

Development of Management Programme for Nurses An advancement from a clinical role to a leadership role is one of the most challenging transformations for professional nurses in their career development. Nurses must be prepared as leaders who are competent, flexible, and able to energize others to adapt to change (Grohar-Murray Langan, 2011). Effective nurse leaders must communicate with their staff, manage stress, make decisions and handle power wisely. Additionally, managers must acquire and cultivate skills such as financial and change management, cultural literacy and personnel development and evaluation. The new nurse managers should acquire the qualities of management and leadership and need good mentors and orientation program in the transition. The purpose of this paper is to present a proposal for the development of a new manager orientation program. Effective nurse managers are crucial in achieving the hospital’s patient care mission and its financial viability (Cathcart, 2010). New nurse managers should be aware of problems that affect todays health care. Since the nursing job is getting more and more stressful and the health care is getting more expensive day by day, the nurse manager orientation program should include the ways to do good budgeting and safe staffing and retention of staff which helps in delivering safe and effective patient care. Nurse manager has great responsibility in maintaining a safe and quality patient care in the unit. Formal orientation programs are essential in retaining and motivating employees, lowering turnover, increasing productivity, improving employee morale, facilitating learning, and reducing the anxiety of new employees (Ragsdale, 2005). New nurse managers should be given enough time to know about the facility and the staff of the hired unit. New nurse managers should be aware of the expectations of them in the department and organizational level. Topic Rationale for Inclusion Objectives Possible Resources Necessary time and good orientation program A nurse manager should be given time to know the staff and the unit she/he is going to work with. Necessary time for orientation help the nurse manager to know the problems on the unit and the expectation of the staff about the new nurse manager. A well-designed orientation program can reduce turnover, shorten the period of adjustment, and lay the groundwork for a long successful career (Ragsdale, 2005). After getting enough time for orientation, a nurse manager will be able to plan herself for the job. The new nurse manager should use her mentor, all the staff and auxiliary staff in the unit as resources. Effective communication Effective communication is necessary to clear the ideas and gain confidence with the staff members. Communication has been identified as an essential component of team functioning within the nursing and inter-professional teams (Kilpatrick, 2013). After the nurse manager practice to do clear communication, they will be able to share the ideas and commands appropriately. A nurse manager should observe the mentor and can read books and discussions and should adapt his/her own way for effective and clear communication. Conflict resolution Conflict resolution skills are very important for the nurse manager to run the unit smoothly and improve the quality and increased productivity in a team which helps to bring better patient outcomes. The nurse executive must train or select nurse managers with effective conflict resolution skills (Baker, 1995). The focus of the nurse manager must shift from managing the behaviors used by staff to resolve the conflict (Baker, 1995). After learning the conflict resolution skills, the nurse manager will be able to recognize the issues and behaviors that causing the conflicts and analyze and solve the problems with the unit. A nurse manager should look into the mentor and others and also brainstorm possible resolutions to gather ideas to solve the conflict. Decision making Decision making is a difficult process sometimes for the nurse managers because they have to make fast decisions in times of evacuations, disasters and all affects the patient and their families and the staff. The degree of stress depends on their management and organizational factors, their work experience etc.. Throughout each 24-hour day, nurse managers make countless rapid fire decisions that impact patient, staff and organizational outcomes (Shirey, 2013). After getting enough time of orientation, nurse manager will able to know about the organization, unit and the staff which helps in better decision making. Nurse manager should learn from the mentor and also he/she should ask the staff with one on one or group meetings and get the opinions and ideas of different staff before the decision making. Motivation of staff Nurse managers can motivate the staff by creating a healthy work environment, participating the staff in the decision making process and complimenting the staff for their achievements. A transformational leadership approach can help nurse managers to increase or maintain a motivating work environment (Curtis, 2011). Motivating the staff is very much necessary for staff retention for this stressful and hectic job. Most nurse managers use a transformational leadership style which can increase motivation, enabling participation in decision- making, creating a healthy work environment, increasing worker empowerment, and offering a better quality of work-life balance (Curtis, 2011). After learning the necessary skills for motivating, the staff the nurse manager is able to create a healthy working environment which helps to increase the staff satisfaction and improve better patient outcomes. The nurse manager can learn from the mentor and from other excellent approachable senior leaders. Good budgeting Nurse manager has responsibility in maintaining the budget allowed for the unit. Nurse manager has to notify the staff of the budget allowed for the year and expenses of the unit and to decrease the unnecessary wastage of supplies. Nurse manager has to maintain the schedule in a way to decrease the unnecessary overtime on the unit and maintain the vacation time without affecting the staff and the patient care. Nurse leaders must make it their responsibility to provide nurses with increased exposure to quality, safety, and financial data, thereby allowing nurses to translate data while achieving and sustaining successful outcomes (Talley, 2013). After learning the budget allowed for the unit, the nurse manager is able to notify the staff about the patient safety priorities, quality outcomes, and financial accountability of each staff. The nurse manager should ask the mentor and other approachable nurse leaders of the organization and she can read materials on the financial management in the nursing field as resources. Safe staffing and staff retention Nursing job is a demanding at the same time a stressful job. Nurse manager should provide safe staffing and has to motivate and encourage the staff for better patient outcomes. Increase turnover of nurses will result in the economic burden, negative patient outcomes and decreased continuity of care. Increase turnover results in increased stress on the existing staff to cover the vacant shifts and also to orient new staff to the unit. So the nurse manager has to ask frequently to the staff for the feedbacks about the management and also for any problems with the unit. Improved retention will lead to savings of the organization, which may be allocated to activities such as training and mentorship to assist nurse leaders in developing these critical leadership skills (Duffield, 2011). Nurse manager has to appreciate the staff for their help on the unit and better patient outcomes and their achievements for certifications or attaining a degree. After learning how to do safe staffing and staff retention nurse manager is better able to increase patient outcomes and to save money on a tight budget. Nurse manager should ask the mentor and also should use her existing skills and experience to do safe staffing. Nurse manager should always ask feedbacks from the unit and can use all the employees in the unit as resources to solve the problem with the unit. Good nurse managers always try to make a positive and healthy working environment. The positive working environment will increase the job satisfaction. The skillful nurse manager always listens to the problems and feedbacks of the staff in the unit. This helps the nurse manager to find out the problems in the unit and manage the unit well with co-operation from all the staff in the unit. By managing the unit well, the nurse manager is able to do safe staffing, improve the retention and better budgeting, which all leads to better staff and patient satisfaction and better patient outcomes. References Baker, K. (1995). Improving staff nurse conflict resolution skills. Nursing Economic$, 13(5), 295. Cathcart, E., Greenspan, M., Quin, M. (2010). The making of a nurse manager: the role of experiential learning in leadership development. Journal Of Nursing Management, 18(4), 440-447. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2834.2010.01082.x Curtis, E., OÂÂ ¿Connell, R. (2011). Essential leadership skills for motivating and developing staff. Nursing Management UK, 18(5), 32-35. Duffield, C., Roche, M., Blay, N., Stasa, H. (2011). Nursing unit managers, staff retention and the work environment. Journal Of Clinical Nursing, 20(1/2), 23-33. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2702.2010.03478.x Grohar-Murray, M. E., Langan, J. (2011). Leadership and management in nursing (4th ed). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Health Science. Kilpatrick, K. (2013). Understanding acute care nurse practitioner communication and decision-making in healthcare teams. Journal Of Clinical Nursing, 22(1/2), 168-179. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2702.2012.04119.x Ragsdale, M., Mueller, J. (2005). Plan, do, study, act model to improve an orientation program. Journal Of Nursing Care Quality, 20(3), 268-272. Shirey, M. R., Ebright, P. R., McDANIEL, A. M. (2013). Nurse manager cognitive decision-making amidst stress and work complexity. Journal Of Nursing Management, 21(1), 17-30. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2834.2012.01380.x Talley, L. B., Thorgrimson, D. H., Robinson, N. C. (2013). Financial Literacy as an Essential Element in Nursing Management Practice. Nursing Economic$, 31(2), 77-82.

The Reality of Rape Essays -- essays research papers

Running head: THE REALITY OF RAPE   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Rape is a crime of violence and aggression that not only hurts a victim for the moment, but it shatters her entire life. According to the Britannica Encyclopedia, rape is defined as â€Å"any kind of unlawful sexual activity, usually sexual intercourse, carried out forcibly or under threat of injury and against the will of the victim.† This definition has been redefined to cover same-sex attacks and attacks against those who are incapable of valid consent, including persons who are mentally ill, intoxicated, drugged, etc. (rape). Because rape crimes affect all races, cultures, ages, and economical classes, it is difficult to create concrete research on the topic because of the variances. Society in the United States by no means condones rape, but it does expect it. The theories of rape are all different but the crime is always the same, a violation of one’s self through a sexual act. There are many different types of rape including date rape, statutory rape, gang rape, and acquaintance rape. Though there are more than a handful of different names to view rape, all of the names have one thing in common: a victim. The frightening reality is that all of the rape studies that have been done show that the perpetrator is usually someone that the victim knows and/or trusts; during the dating years, seventy to ninety percent of rapes are acquaintance or date rapes (Mackey). Even more terrifying is that only one-third of rapes are reported to law enforcement officials (Buddie & Miller). Victims are most likely afraid that by going through with the process of pressing charges on his/her perpetrator that they, in turn, will be blamed using one or more of the ridiculous rape myths, by society. The reality of rape is a startling combination of ignorance relating to rape myths, lack of reportings and convictions, severe post-traumatic feelings of the attack, and theories of ra pe, both psychological and sociological.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Rape is such a difficult crime to prove because it usually comes down to the victim’s word against the perpetrator’s word. In the United States, anyone who is charged with a crime is innocent until they are proven guilty beyond a reasonable doubt. In order to prove that the crime did indeed happen, a victim is usually humiliated and she is forced to re-live the h... ...d be convicted and sent to prison. REFERENCES Buddie, Amy, & Miller, Arthur (2001). Beyond rape myths: a more complex view of perceptions of rape victims – 1. Sex Roles: A Journal of Research. Retrieved from the World Wide Web November 18, 2004: http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_M2294/is_2001_August/ai_82782443 Mackey, Frank Misogynist. Cultural rape myths. Survivors Emerging. Retrieved November 18, 2004 from the World Wide Web: http://people.morehead-st.edu/students/ar/aeruck01/culturalrapemyths.html rape Britannica Concise Encyclopedia. Retrieved November 19, 2004 from Encyclopedia Britannica Premium Service: http://www.britannica.com/ebc/article?tocld=9376486 Rennison, Callie Marie. (2002). Rape and sexual assault: reporting to police and medical attention, 1992-2000 (United States Department of Justice, Bureau of Justice Statistics No. NCJ-194530). Washington DC: U.S. Government Printing Office. Retzinger, Suzanne, & Scheff, Thomas. (1997). Shame, anger, and the social bond: A theory of sexual offenders and treatment. Electonic Journal of Sociology. Thio, Alex. (2004). Deviant Behavior (7th ed.). Boston: Pearson Education, Inc.